{"id":9411,"date":"2015-12-10T08:57:31","date_gmt":"2015-12-10T06:57:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/dergi\/?p=9411"},"modified":"2024-02-22T23:16:25","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T20:16:25","slug":"orhan-gazi-1281-1360","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/orhan-gazi-1281-1360\/","title":{"rendered":"Orhan Gazi (1281 – 1360)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n
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Orhan Gazi 1281 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Osman Gazi<\/a>, annesi Kay\u0131 a\u015firetinin ileri gelenlerinden \u00d6mer Bey’in k\u0131z\u0131 Mal Hatundu. Orhan Gazi, sar\u0131 sakall\u0131, uzunca boylu, mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Yumu\u015fak huylu, merhametli, fakir halk\u0131 seven, ulemaya h\u00fcrmetli, dindar, adaletli, hesab\u0131n\u0131 bilen ve hi\u00e7bir zaman tela\u015fa kap\u0131lmayan, halka kendisini sevdirmi\u015f bir beydi. S\u0131k s\u0131k halk\u0131n aras\u0131na kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r, onlar\u0131 ziyaret etmekten \u00e7ok ho\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Orhan Gazi, babas\u0131 Osman Gazi’nin 1326’da vefat\u0131 \u00fczerine beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Orhan Gazi 1346’da Bizans \u0130mparatoru VI.Yoannis Kantakuzinos’un k\u0131z\u0131 Teodora ile evlendi. Ayr\u0131ca, Yarhisar Tekfur’unun k\u0131z\u0131 Holofira, Bilecik tekfuruyla evlendirilirken, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bas\u0131l\u0131p Holofira esir al\u0131nd\u0131 ve Orhan Gazi ile evlendirildi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduktan sonra ad\u0131 Nil\u00fcfer Hatun olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi; bu evlilikten, ileride Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olacak Murad H\u00fcdavendigar do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n

ASKER\u0130 BA\u015eARILAR<\/b><\/p>\n

Sava\u015flarda daima ordusunun ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Orhan Gazi’nin siyasi ve askeri en \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz Bursa’n\u0131n 6 Nisan 1326’da al\u0131nmas\u0131yd\u0131. Ala\u00fcddin Ali Bey’i kendine vezir atayan Orhan Gazi, Orhaneli kazas\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek, Bursa \u00f6nlerine geldi ve \u015fehri ku\u015fatt\u0131. \u015eehir, ciddi bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girmeden teslim al\u0131nd\u0131. Devletin merkezi Bilecik’ten Bursa’ya nakledildi.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00e7akoca, Karam\u00fcrsel, Abdurrahman Gazi gibi \u00f6nc\u00fc komutanlar ise Kand\u0131ra, Aydos ve Semendire kalelerini ald\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Karadeniz ve \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131’na do\u011fru geni\u015fletildi. 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan beri hayat\u0131 sava\u015flar ve zaferlerle ge\u00e7en Orhan Gazi askeri bir d\u00fczenleme yaparak 1328 y\u0131l\u0131nda “Yaya” ismini verdi\u011fi bir ordu kurdu.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Kocaeli yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki kaleleri alarak, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131’na kadar gelmeleri, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu tela\u015fland\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130mparator III. Andronikos, hem fethedilen kaleleri geri almak hem de ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130znik’i kurtarmak i\u00e7in bir ordu haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Orhan Gazi \u0130znik’te bir miktar kuvvet b\u0131rakarak Bizansl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7ti. \u0130ki ordu Palekonon’da (Maltepe) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131, yap\u0131lan Palekonon Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Bizans ordusu yenildi(1329).<\/p>\n

Kazan\u0131lan bu \u00f6nemli zaferden sonra Orhan Gazi, \u0130znik ku\u015fatmas\u0131na devam etti. Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fundan \u00fcmidini kesen \u0130znik kumandan\u0131 baz\u0131 \u015fartlarla teslim olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Orhan Gazi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u015fartlara uyulaca\u011f\u0131na ve halka iyi davran\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00f6z verdi. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kentlerinden biri olan \u0130znik b\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk hakimiyetine girdi(1330).<\/p>\n

Orhan Gazi fetihlere devam ederek; 1331’de Tarakl\u0131, G\u00f6yn\u00fck ve Mudurnu’yu, 1333’de Gemlik’i Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131. Orhan Gazi 1337’de \u00f6nemli bir ticaret merkezi olan \u0130zmit’i ve \u00e7evresini (Koyunhisar, Hereke, Yalova, Armutlu) fethetti ve buran\u0131n idaresini o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa’ya verdi.<\/p>\n

1342 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bal\u0131kesir yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Rumlara ait Kirmasti, Mihali\u00e7 ve Ulubat kaleleri fethedilince Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi ile s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olunmu\u015ftu. Orhan Gazi Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011findeki taht kavgalar\u0131ndan yararlanarak bu beyli\u011fin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi (1345). Karesi Beylerinden Hac\u0131 \u0130lbey ile Evrenos Gazi, Osmanl\u0131 hizmetine girdi\u011fi gibi, Beyli\u011fin donanmas\u0131 da Osmanl\u0131 Devletine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Marmara Adalar\u0131, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar ve Kad\u0131k\u00f6y fethedildi(1352). 1354 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Gerede Beyli\u011fi ele ge\u00e7irildi ve Ankara ilk kez fethedildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130DAR\u0130 D\u00dcZENLEMELER<\/b><\/p>\n

Orhan Gazi, babas\u0131 Osman Gazi’den 16000 km.kare olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 devlet topraklar\u0131n\u0131 o\u011flu Murad H\u00fcdavendigar’a 95000 km.kare olarak devretti. Orhan Gazi devletin bir idare sistemi olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu, bu ama\u00e7la te\u015fkilat i\u015fini Alaeddin Pa\u015fa ile \u015eeyh Edebali’nin bacana\u011f\u0131 \u00c7andarl\u0131 Kara Halil Pa\u015fa’ya verdi. Orhan Gazi devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli nokta \u00fczerinde duruyordu; bunlar para, ordu ve k\u0131yafetti. Fethetti\u011fi yerlere adli ve idari i\u015fler i\u00e7in kad\u0131lar, askeri i\u015fler i\u00e7in suba\u015f\u0131lar tayin etti. \u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 paras\u0131, 1326 y\u0131l\u0131nda Orhan Gazi taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u0130MAR\u0130 \u00c7ALI\u015eMALAR<\/b><\/p>\n

Orhan Gazi imar ve \u015fehir planlamas\u0131na da \u00f6nem veren bir padi\u015faht\u0131. \u0130znik’in fethedilmesinden sonra, 1331 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130znik’teki me\u015fhur Ayasofya Kilisesi camiye \u00e7evrildi. Ayr\u0131ca 1333’de yine \u0130znik’te Osmanl\u0131 tarihinin ilk camisi olan Hac\u0131 \u00d6zbek Camii yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Orhan Gazi’nin yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer eserler \u015funlard\u0131r; \u0130znik Hac\u0131 Hamza Camii ve K\u00fcmbeti, \u0130znik Ye\u015fil Camii, Bilecik Orhan Camii, Bilecik Orhan Gazi \u0130mareti, Gebze Orhan Camii, Bursa Orhan Camii, \u0130znik Nil\u00fcfer Hatun \u0130mareti. Bilime ve e\u011fitime b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem veren Orhan Gazi Bursa Medresesini de yapt\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Orhan Gazi 1281 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Osman Gazi, annesi Kay\u0131 a\u015firetinin ileri gelenlerinden \u00d6mer Bey’in k\u0131z\u0131 Mal Hatundu. Orhan Gazi, sar\u0131 sakall\u0131, uzunca boylu, mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Yumu\u015fak huylu, merhametli, fakir halk\u0131 seven, ulemaya h\u00fcrmetli, dindar, adaletli, hesab\u0131n\u0131 bilen ve hi\u00e7bir zaman tela\u015fa kap\u0131lmayan, halka kendisini sevdirmi\u015f bir beydi. S\u0131k s\u0131k halk\u0131n aras\u0131na kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r, onlar\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":45739,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-egitim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9411"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9411\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}