D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisine sahip olan \u00c7in\u2019in, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde Ocak ay\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Suudi Arabistan, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 kapsayan ziyaretinin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde siyasi ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan hem b\u00f6lgesel hem de k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00f6nemli etkileri beraberinde getirmesi beklenmektedir. \u00c7in\u2019in etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ortado\u011fu\u2019da vek\u00e2let sava\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten ABD ve Rusya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l tav\u0131r alaca\u011f\u0131 da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan temel konular aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgesel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara m\u00fcdahil olmadan ekonomik anlamda \u00f6nemli ili\u015fkiler kurdu\u011fu \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinden etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131ran \u00c7in\u2019in, ABD\u2019den farkl\u0131 olarak b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik askeri m\u00fcdahale yaparak zarar etti\u011fi bir politikas\u0131 da bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca demokrasi, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, rejimlerin me\u015fruiyeti ve insan haklar\u0131 vs. gibi konular ile herhangi bir sorunu olmamas\u0131 bu \u00fclkeler ile siyasi bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k durumunu da hali haz\u0131rda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7in\u2019in d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 temel olarak ekonomik ve ticari ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilerek d\u0131\u015f politikay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 anlamda rol oynamas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan pragmatik olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015f politikada ekonominin \u00f6ncelikli konumu di\u011fer alanlara da etki ederek ikili ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesine hizmet etmektedir. Pekin y\u00f6netimi s\u00f6z konusu ekonomik alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirerek di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde oldu\u011fu gibi Ortado\u011fu\u2019da da a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmay\u0131 hedeflerken \u00f6zellikle b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara d\u00e2hil olmayarak di\u011fer akt\u00f6rlerden farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bilhassa enerji ve altyap\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda b\u00f6lgenin \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Bununla birlikte ABD ile rekabet alan\u0131n\u0131 Asya Pasifik\u2019in d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu \u00fczerine yaymas\u0131 \u00c7in i\u00e7in stratejik bir ad\u0131m olarak okunabilir. 1.3 milyarl\u0131k n\u00fcfusuyla, sahip oldu\u011fu ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme potansiyelini olduk\u00e7a etkili bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirerek ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama %10\u2019a yak\u0131n bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131yla istikrarl\u0131 bir grafik \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 ila 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde modern d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisine ilk defa geli\u015fmi\u015f bir \u00fclke yerine geli\u015fmekte olan bir \u00fclke olarak \u00c7in\u2019in sahip olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alternatif Kurumlar ve Yeni Rekabet Alanlar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7in\u2019in Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ekonomik \u00e7\u0131kar ve i\u015fbirli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte izledi\u011fi ABD\u2019ye alternatif \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc politikan\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. S\u00f6z konusu politika ABD ile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rekabetten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde okunamaz. Bu nedenle \u00c7in-ABD ili\u015fkileri ekonomi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok konuda anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131kla ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7izgide ilerlemektedir. Hatta son d\u00f6nemde bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131k alanlar\u0131na ekonominin de k\u0131smen d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. D\u00fcnyadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezinin Asya pasifi\u011fe do\u011fru kayaca\u011f\u0131 tahminleri ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u201cyeni d\u00fczen\u201d i\u00e7erisinde \u00c7in\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l politikalar izleyece\u011fi sorusunu beraberinde getirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uluslararas\u0131 alanda ABD\u2019nin \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet kurdu\u011fu kurumlara alternatif kurumlar olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ise Pekin y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015fta ABD\u2019ye olmak \u00fczere h\u00e2kim Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnya sistemine yeni bir meydan okumas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. \u00c7in ayr\u0131ca Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, \u00c7in ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019dan olu\u015fan (BRICS), Asya Altyap\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Bankas\u0131, Bat\u0131 merkezli kredi derecelendirme kurulu\u015flar\u0131na benzer UCRG (Universal Credit Rating Group) isimli yeni bir kredi derecelendirme kurulu\u015fu, \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve \u2018Visa, Mastercard\u2019a rakip \u2018China Union Play\u2019 gibi bir\u00e7ok giri\u015fim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla stratejik a\u00e7\u0131dan mevcut sisteme alternatif yap\u0131lar \u00fcretme konusunda \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmektedir. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ekonomik olmakla birlikte siyasi ve askeri yap\u0131lar\u0131 da i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde geni\u015f bir yelpazeye sahip olan bu yap\u0131lar \u00c7in\u2019in \u2018yeni d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda\u2019 merkezi bir rol \u00fcstlenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD ise \u00c7in\u2019in bu giri\u015fimleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda mevcut d\u00fczeni ayakta tutan kurumlar\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131racak ve destek olacak mekanizmalar\u0131 kurma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Washington, \u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Asya Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00f6nemli \u00fclkeleri kendi yan\u0131na \u00e7ekme ad\u0131na Trans Pasifik Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131\/Trans-Pasific Partnership (TPP) giri\u015fimi ve bu \u00fclkeler ile ikili ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirme gibi ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. TPP\u2019nin i\u00e7eri\u011fine dair 2015 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda aralar\u0131nda Japonya, Avustralya, Meksika, Vietnam, Singapur ve Malezya gibi \u00fclkelerin oldu\u011fu 12 \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015fma sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu 12 \u00fclkenin d\u00fcnya GSMH\u2019sinin %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulundurmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7in ise buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Xi Jinping\u2019in ilk defa 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya duyurdu\u011fu \u201cTek Ku\u015fak Tek Yol \/ One Belt One Road\u201d (OBOR) projesiyle Ortado\u011fu ve Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 do\u011frudan \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011flayacak ve hem b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin hem de kendisinin ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan bir\u00e7ok avantaj elde edece\u011fi yeni bir proje ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Biri kara di\u011feri deniz olmak \u00fczere iki ayaktan olu\u015fan bu projenin bir aya\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcney \u00c7in denizinden ba\u015flay\u0131p K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019den Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131rken (21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Deniz \u0130pek Yolu), di\u011fer aya\u011f\u0131n ise eski ipek yolunun Orta Asya ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu birle\u015ftirmesiyle T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya uzanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (\u0130pek Yolu Ekonomi Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131). S\u00f6z konusu projeler, \u00c7in pazar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke pazar\u0131na daha rahat a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ortado\u011fu ve Asya gibi enerji zengini b\u00f6lgelerden \u00c7in\u2019in artan enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Projenin kara ve demir yolu, petrol ve do\u011falgaz boru hatlar\u0131, limanlar ve di\u011fer altyap\u0131 projeleriyle ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerleri \u00f6nemli bir cazibe merkezi haline getirmesi planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7in devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Xi Jinping\u2019in Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu son ziyaretinin merkezinde de b\u00f6lge ile ekonomi temelli ili\u015fkilerin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve OBOR\u2019un hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinden destek aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi ku\u015fkusuz zengin enerji kaynaklar\u0131 ve stratejik konumundan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 petrol ithalat verilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in, enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019dan kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Energy Information Administration (EIA) verilerine g\u00f6re Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck 3.2 milyon varil ile \u00c7in\u2019in petrol ithalat\u0131n\u0131n %52\u2019sini kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sadece Arap \u00fclkeleri \u00c7in\u2019in petrol ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Bu haliyle \u00c7in, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini yeniden art\u0131rmak ve Yeni \u0130pek Yolu Projesini hayata ge\u00e7irebilmek i\u00e7in Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Asya Altyap\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da kurucu \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda yer alan s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkeler bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00c7in ile i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirme ad\u0131na istekli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeden \u2018k\u0131smi\u2019 \u00e7ekilmesini ve \u0130ran\u2019a yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6ren \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi ekonomik anla\u015fmalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla b\u00f6lge ile olan ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kuvvetlendirmeye y\u00f6nelik politikalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda %6,8 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi bu y\u00f6ndeki politikalar\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmeyi daha da \u00f6nemli k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi, \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ucuz enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n tedariki, OBOR projesindeki stratejik \u00f6nemi ve \u00c7in mallar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa ve Amerika pazarlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Jinping\u2019in s\u00f6z konusu ziyareti neticesinde toplam 52 i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalamas\u0131 ve ziyaretler esnas\u0131nda en fazla \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi OBOR projesinin tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinden bu projeye destek aray\u0131\u015f\u0131, yeni d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilerini farkl\u0131 boyutlara ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Suudi Arabistan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Jinping, Ortado\u011fu turundaki ilk ziyaretini Suudi Arabistan\u2019a ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Suudi-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerinde k\u0131smi so\u011fuklu\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130ran-Suudi geriliminin giderek t\u0131rmand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde ilk ziyaretin Suudi Arabistan\u2019a ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Her ne kadar ziyaretler esnas\u0131nda verilen mesajlarda \u0130ran ile ya\u015fanan gerilimde taraflar\u0131 itidale \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olsa da, \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ziyaretin g\u00fcndemi ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilerek stratejik bir boyuta ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve OBOR projesine b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin deste\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine kuruldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130ki g\u00fcn s\u00fcren Suudi Arabistan ziyaretinde iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in deniz ve ipek kara yolu projesinin geli\u015ftirilmesi konu\u015fulmu\u015f ve yeni n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok alanda 14 anla\u015fma imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihracat ve ithalatta \u00c7in\u2019in ilk s\u0131rada yer almas\u0131 ve %16\u2019l\u0131k pay ile \u00c7in\u2019e en fazla petrol ihracat\u0131 yapan \u00fclke konumunda olmas\u0131 hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iki \u00fclkenin olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomik ba\u011flara sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ziyarette \u00c7in\u2019in Suudi Arabistan\u2019da enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde sadece ithal eden \u00fclke olarak kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve petrol ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecine de dahil olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan Yasref petrol rafinerisinin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda enerji, n\u00fckleer, havac\u0131l\u0131k ve uzay gibi alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011finin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ad\u0131na \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir komisyonun kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u0131s\u0131r<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ziyaretin ikinci dura\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ise iki \u00fclke elektrik, ula\u015f\u0131m, tar\u0131m ve sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6rlerinde 14 milyar dolar de\u011ferinde 21 adet anla\u015fma imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Abdulfettah es-Sisi\u2019nin \u00c7in ziyaretinde stratejik ortakl\u0131k protokol\u00fc imzalanmas\u0131yla geli\u015fen ili\u015fkiler, Jinping\u2019in 12 y\u0131l aradan sonra ilk defa devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ziyaret ile farkl\u0131 bir boyut kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2014 ithalat verilerine g\u00f6re 8 milyar dolarl\u0131k ithalat rakam\u0131yla \u00c7in, M\u0131s\u0131r i\u00e7in ilk s\u0131radaki yerini korumaktad\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r ziyaretinde \u00f6zellikle \u2018tarihi ili\u015fkilere\u2019 vurgu yapan Jinping, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Cemal Abd\u00fcl Nas\u0131r ve \u00c7in Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Zhou Enlai\u2019nin Bandung Konferans\u0131 temaslar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Jinping, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun istikrar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kilit rol\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ipek yolunun deniz aya\u011f\u0131ndaki stratejik konumu ve K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz\u2019deki kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn de \u00c7in\u2019in Akdeniz\u2019e ve oradan Bat\u0131\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemine de\u011finmi\u015ftir. Arap Birli\u011fi\u2019nde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu konu\u015fmas\u0131nda ise 1967 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015fkenti Do\u011fu Kud\u00fcs olan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Filistin devletini desteklemesi, Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n sempatisini kazanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m olarak okunabilir. M\u0131s\u0131r bu a\u00e7\u0131dan sadece iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerini de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7in\u2019in Arap D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve Afrika ile olan ili\u015fkilerini de geli\u015ftirmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli bir konumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ran<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ziyaretin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son aya\u011f\u0131 ise \u0130ran olmu\u015ftur. N\u00fckleer anla\u015fma sonras\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u0130ran\u2019a yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak isteyen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada yer alan \u00c7in\u2019in yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar s\u00fcresince \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 k\u0131smen rahatlatan politikalar\u0131n\u0131n meyvelerini anla\u015fma sonras\u0131nda toplama beklentisi ve ABD kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulu\u015fan politikalar\u0131 iki \u00fclkeyi siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan da birbirine yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ithalat\u0131nda ve ihracat\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k ara ilk s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ihracat 27 milyar $ iken \u00c7in\u2019den yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ithalat ise 24 milyar $ olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130ran, \u00c7in\u2019in petrol ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n %10\u2019una yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Jinping\u2019in ziyaretinde OBOR projesinin iki aya\u011f\u0131 olan \u2018\u0130pek Yolu Ekonomik Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019 ve \u201821. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Deniz \u0130pek Yolu Projesi\u2019nin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi, n\u00fckleer enerji ve teknoloji gibi alanlarda \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 25 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7eren 17 kapsaml\u0131 stratejik ortakl\u0131k bildirgesi imzalanm\u0131\u015f ve ilk 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in ticaret hacminin 600 milyar $\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve k\u00fcresel sisteme yeniden entegre olacak olan \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n, \u00c7in etkisinde kalmas\u0131 ABD ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerini tedirgin etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n sadece n\u00fckleer alanda kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Amerikan \u015firketleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dezavantajl\u0131 iken \u00c7in\u2019in \u0130ran pazar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok alanda \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. \u00c7in\u2019in yava\u015flayan ekonomisini d\u00fczeltme anlam\u0131nda \u0130ran, n\u00fcfusu ve yat\u0131r\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir pazar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6zellikle \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar esnas\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in \u0130ran ile g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u015fbirli\u011finin unutulmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ikili ili\u015fkilerin boyutunu da ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7in\u2019in bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu pragmatik d\u0131\u015f politika yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019da da, s\u00f6z konusu son ziyaretlerde bir kez daha kendisini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu politika i\u00e7erisinde b\u00f6lgenin petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca ucuz bir \u015fekilde temin etmek ve kendi \u00fcretti\u011fi mallar\u0131 b\u00f6lge pazar\u0131na ve buradan da d\u00fcnya pazarlar\u0131na sunmak vard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00f6zel \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi kara ve deniz ipek yollar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu, \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem bir hedef b\u00f6lge hem de di\u011fer pazarlara ula\u015fma anlam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu proje sadece altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve(ya) enerji i\u015fbirlikleri \u015feklinde de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayacak bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 alanda \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bir test niteli\u011finde olacakt\u0131r. Ziyaret esnas\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkede de yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu konu\u015fmada \u00c7in devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n taraflar\u0131 \u2018itidale\u2019 davet eden yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na zarar getirmeyecek konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015fturma niyetinin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak okumak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da izlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u2018temkinli\u2019 politika ile b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin i\u00e7 i\u00e7lerine kar\u0131\u015fmayan \u00c7in\u2019in, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkesine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ziyaretin tam da \u0130ran\u2019a yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Suudi-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerinin durumu ve ABD\u2019nin k\u0131smi olarak b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmesi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ise \u00f6zellikle dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n anla\u015fma sonras\u0131nda etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rma potansiyeli ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke ile ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmesi b\u00f6lgenin di\u011fer iki \u00f6nemli \u00fclkesi olan Suudi Arabistan ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 rahats\u0131z etti\u011fi ortadayken \u00c7in liderinin Ortado\u011fu ziyaretine dahil etti\u011fi di\u011fer iki \u00fclkenin bu \u00fclkeler olmas\u0131 yeni d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik pragmatik politikas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira ayn\u0131 anda hem Suudi Arabistan hem de \u0130ran ile kayda de\u011fer anla\u015fmalar imzalayabilmesi \u00c7in\u2019in ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 konumunu ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki \u00fclkeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6nemi son y\u0131llarda artm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6rece daha az \u00f6nem vermeye ba\u015flamas\u0131, b\u00f6lgeye yeni bir b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fcn girmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu noktada \u00c7in, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in ABD\u2019nin yerine ve ABD\u2019yi rahats\u0131z edebilecek \u00f6nemli bir ortak olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu ziyaretler ve yap\u0131lan i\u015fbirlikleri sadece \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir hamle olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemeli ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin her birinin ekonomik ve siyasi bir tak\u0131m gerek\u00e7eler ile \u00c7in ile ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirerek bir denge siyaseti izlemesi olarak da bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisine sahip olan \u00c7in\u2019in, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde Ocak ay\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Suudi Arabistan, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 kapsayan ziyaretinin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde siyasi ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan hem b\u00f6lgesel hem de k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00f6nemli etkileri beraberinde getirmesi beklenmektedir. \u00c7in\u2019in etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ortado\u011fu\u2019da vek\u00e2let sava\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten ABD ve Rusya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l tav\u0131r alaca\u011f\u0131 da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":54732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54731"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54733,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54731\/revisions\/54733"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}