{"id":52548,"date":"2025-10-13T11:27:48","date_gmt":"2025-10-13T08:27:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/?p=52548"},"modified":"2025-10-13T11:27:51","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T08:27:51","slug":"osmanlilar-ve-cerkesler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/osmanlilar-ve-cerkesler\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131lar ve \u00c7erkesler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>\u00c7erkesler hakk\u0131ndaki ilk elden bilgilerin gezginlerin eserlerinde verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Osmanl\u0131 seyyah\u0131 Evliya \u00c7elebi, 1660\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda gezip g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kafkaslar, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00c7erkesler hakk\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 g\u00f6zlemlerde bulunmu\u015f; \u00c7erkes lisan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ise kendisine g\u00f6re \u015fu ilgin\u00e7 saptamada bulunmu\u015ftur: \u201cBu d\u00fcnya seyyah\u0131, insanlarla sohbet eden yaln\u0131z bilmeyen aciz kul, ben Evliya elli bir senede yedi iklimde on sekiz padi\u015fahl\u0131k yere ayak bast\u0131m. Her diyar\u0131n lisan\u0131yla konu\u015fmak i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve g\u00fczel s\u00f6zleri, beyitleri ve \u015fiirleriyle y\u00fcz k\u0131rk yedi lisan\u0131n hepsini gayet g\u00fczel yazd\u0131m ama bu \u00c7erkes lisan\u0131 gibi saksa\u011fan sadal\u0131 lisan\u0131 yazamad\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ama gayretimle o lisan\u0131 da kaderin verdi\u011fi imk\u00e2nlarla yazar\u0131z\u2026 Kendilerine mahsus bir leh\u00e7eleri var. Gramerleri yoktur. Onun i\u00e7in kaleme gelmez vesselam\u2026\u201d Ger\u00e7ekten de, \u00c7erkeslerin kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir gramerleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bir alfabeleri de bulunmuyordu. Bu konudaki ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7e\u015fitli ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k denemeler \u015feklinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda (1925) Latin harfli bir alfabeye sahip olmu\u015flar, ancak bu fazla uzun s\u00fcrmemi\u015f, 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kiril harfli bir yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evliya \u00c7elebi, \u00c7erkeslerin kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir yaz\u0131m sistemlerinin olmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini, Araplara k\u0131zg\u0131n olmalar\u0131na, bunun da etkisiyle Tatarlar ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ile kar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bunun belki bir dereceye kadar etkisi olabilece\u011fi Kafkas bilginlerince de kabul edilmekle birlikte, \u00c7erkesce\u2019nin telaffuzunun ger\u00e7ekten zor bir lisan olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra pek \u00e7ok leh\u00e7eye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u00f6nemli bir neden olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Tanzimat d\u00f6neminin b\u00fcrokrat ve tarih\u00e7isi Ahmet Cevdet Pa\u015fa, 1880\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan Tarih\u2019inde, \u201c\u00d6zet olarak Kafkas halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup g\u00fcneyden ve kuzeyden h\u00fccum eden \u0130ran ve Rusyal\u0131lar\u0131n tesiri alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flarsa da \u00e7ok defa Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n himayesine mazhar olmu\u015flar ve Osmanl\u0131 hil\u00e2fetini kabul ederek Devlet-i Aliye\u2019ye meyletmi\u015flerdir\u201d diye yaz\u0131yordu. Bir de k\u0131sa bir \u201cK\u0131r\u0131m ve Kafkas Tarih\u00e7esi\u201d (1307) yazan Cevdet Pa\u015fa, ayn\u0131 eserinde \u201cRuslardan asla korkmazlar\u201d dedi\u011fi \u00c7erkeslerin, \u201cDevlet-i Aliye hizmetine l\u00e2y\u0131k ve acayip mahl\u00fbklar\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtiyor, bu acayipliklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda ise h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, k\u00f6lelik, vurgunculuk gibi \u00f6zelliklerini say\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcyordu. Bu yarg\u0131lar\u0131n Bat\u0131l\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n \u00c7erkesler hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle paralellik i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunun, Bat\u0131n\u0131n oryantalist yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda olu\u015ftu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Kendilerine \u201cAd\u0131ge\u201d (Hem\u015fehr\u00ee) diyen \u00c7erkesler, kendilerine atfedilen olumsuz yarg\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tarihen ortaya koymak amac\u0131yla, Osmanl\u0131-\u00c7erkes ili\u015fkilerinin en dost\u00e2ne d\u00f6nemi say\u0131lan II. Abd\u00fclhamit devrinde \u201cm\u00fckemmel\u201dbir \u00c7erkes tarihi kaleme almak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7tiler ve bunun i\u00e7in bir layiha haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar. Bu layihada yer alan ifadelerden, layihan\u0131n 1882 sonlar\u0131nda (Muharrem 1300) kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1883 ba\u015flar\u0131nda ise bas\u0131l\u0131p yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu layihan\u0131n esprisi, \u00c7erkeslerin, Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcklerinin aksine, meden\u00ee bir kavim oldu\u011fu esas tezini i\u015fleyerek medeni d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6stermek oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ger\u00e7ekten de, 1878 Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda, K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan, \u00f6zellikle 1864\u2019ten itibaren<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ruslar\u0131n Kafkaslar\u0131 istil\u00e2s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Kafkas ellerinden g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp yo\u011fun olarak Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan \u00c7erkeslerin, K\u00fcrtlerle birlikte, Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 taarruzunun durdurulmas\u0131 kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, \u00c7erkeslerin, Osmanl\u0131 Birli\u011fi i\u00e7indeki gayri-m\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumsuz bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finin \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00c7erkesler, \u00e2deta b\u00fct\u00fcn bir Kafkas politikas\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyordu. Bunun i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131lar, Ruslar\u0131n Kafkasya \u00fczerinden Anadolu\u2019ya inmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in, 1774 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra \u00c7erkeslerle s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015ftur. 1846\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan Rus\u00e7a-\u00c7erkesce S\u00f6zl\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u00c7erkesler, Kafkaslarda ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131 Kavimler\u201din sembol\u00fc gibi takdim ediliyordu. Burada bahsi ge\u00e7en \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131\u201d (Maarulal) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, asl\u0131nda Avarlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir deyimdir. Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre direnen \u0130mam \u015eamil\u2019in Avar asl\u0131ndan bir kahraman oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Bu m\u00fccadelesinde \u015eamil, hem \u00c7erkesleri hem de \u00c7e\u00e7enleri yan\u0131nda bulmu\u015f bir Kafkas kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eeyh \u015eamil\u2019in Ruslar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerilemesi ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framas\u0131ndan sonra, \u00c7erkesler ile birlikte b\u00fct\u00fcn Kafkas kavimleri Ruslar\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca,T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yo\u011fun ve dramatik bir \u00c7erkes g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesine g\u00f6\u00e7en \u00c7erkesler, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan stratejik \u00f6nemi haiz bir \u015fekilde isk\u00e2n edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Ermenilerin yo\u011fun olarak oturduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yak\u0131n yerlerde, s\u00f6zgelimi Erzurum, Sivas, \u00c7orum, \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131, Adapazar\u0131, Bursa ve Eski\u015fehir\u2019de isk\u00e2n edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fte \u00c7erkesler, Rum ve Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kimi zaman K\u00fcrtlerin rahats\u0131zl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7erkesistan Tarih-i Um\u00fbmiyesinin S\u00fbret-i Tanz\u00eemine Dair<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u015fte, \u201cm\u00fckemmel\u201d bir \u00c7erkes Tarihi yaz\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin 1882 senesi sonlar\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131n\u0131p 1883 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir n\u00fcshas\u0131 Padi\u015faha sunulan bu layiha, b\u00f6yle bir ortamda kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak o g\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne b\u00fct\u00fcn Kafkaslar ve Kafkas halklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de kapsaml\u0131 bir inceleme hen\u00fcz kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Ancak yine de Osmanl\u0131 Kafkaslar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve Bat\u0131\u2019da \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 veya T\u00fcrk bilginler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n genelinin ise tarihsel olmaktan \u00e7ok, etno-santrik yakla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131tlar olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130\u015fte, b\u00f6ylesi bir ortam i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131m\u0131na te\u015febb\u00fcs edilen \u201cm\u00fckemmel\u201d bir \u00c7erkes Tarihi, layihan\u0131n yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden uzun bir zaman ge\u00e7mesine kar\u015f\u0131n bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kaleme al\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, somut ad\u0131mlar da at\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yine Padi\u015fah II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in saltanat\u0131 d\u00f6neminde kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ve H\u00fcd\u00e2vendig\u00e2r (Bursa) vil\u00e2yeti ile Eski\u015fehir\u2019de C\u0131r\u0131k Ahmet ve Abaza Nogay Zok (?) ve sair beyefendilere hitaben kaleme al\u0131nan bir belgede bu konuda aynen \u015funlar yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r:\u201c\u015eimdiye kadar tert\u00eeb ve ne\u015frine muvaffakiyet h\u00e2s\u0131l olam\u0131yan \u00c7erkesistan Tarih-i Um\u00fbm\u00eesi\u2019nin v\u00fccuda get\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gayet ehemm ve bunun hus\u00fbl\u00fc i\u00e7\u00fcn ihtiyac\u00e2t-\u0131 milel ve \u2018asra v\u00e2k\u0131f olan m\u00fctehayyiz\u00e2n-\u0131 \u00c7erakesenin (\u00c7erkeslerin ileri gelenlerinin) arzusu muhakkakt\u0131r. Bu tarihin derece-i l\u00fczumu herkes\u00e7e bedih\u00ee oldu\u011fundan burada tafsil\u00e2t it\u00e2\u2019s\u0131na hacet g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi. \u0130\u015fte bu kerre y\u00fcmneh\u00fc\u2019l-ker\u00eem bu maksad-\u0131 m\u00fchimme cidden te\u015febb\u00fcs edilerek tarihin s\u00fbret-i tanzimine dair s\u00fbret-i mahs\u00fbsada yap\u0131lan ve bir n\u00fcsh\u00e2s\u0131 leffen (ekli olarak) g\u00f6nderilen tarifn\u00e2me mucebince (gere\u011fince) bu tarihin tanzimine m\u00fcba\u015feret olunmu\u015f (giri\u015filmi\u015f) ve melf\u00fbf pusula mant\u00fbkunca erb\u00e2b-\u0131 iktidardan [bir] heyet-i m\u00fcel-life te\u015fk\u00eel ve Bab\u0131\u00e2li alt\u0131nda Ebu\u2019s-Suud Efendi caddesinde kain 34 numrolu idareh\u00e2nede i\u00e7tima eylemekte bulunmu\u015ftur. Art\u0131k bu maksad\u0131n s\u00fcrat-i hus\u00fbl\u00fcne l\u00fczumu kadar paran\u0131n tedarik olunamamas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir m\u00e2ni\u2019 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki bu da lev\u00e2z\u0131m-\u0131 medeniyeye v\u00e2k\u0131f ve saye-i \u00e2li-i cen\u00e2b-\u0131 t\u00e2cid\u00e2r\u00eede i\u2019aneye mukadder ric\u00e2l-i \u00c7erakesenin kesretine binaen bir \u015fey demek de\u011fildir. Binaenaleyh haz\u00e2 (bu) h\u00e2\u2019iz olduklar\u0131 h\u00e2miyet-i m\u00fcselleme-i vatanperver\u00eelerine (ulusal \u015feref ve haysiyetleri herkes\u00e7e kabul olunan vatan-severliklerine) nisbetle pek c\u00fcz\u2019\u00ee olmak \u00fczere tens\u00eeb edilen (uygun bulunan) ve melf\u00fbf bilette muharrer (yaz\u0131l\u0131) bulunan paran\u0131n s\u00fcrat-i m\u00fcmk\u00fcne ile s\u00fb-y\u0131 aciz\u00e2nemize yeti\u015ftirilmesini temenni ve daha ziyade i\u2019aneye himmet buyurduklar\u0131 halde ayruca bilet g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini bey\u00e2n eder ve bir de orada mevc\u00fbt olan \u00fcmer\u00e2-y\u0131 \u00c7erakeseye tefhim\u00e2t ve te\u015frif\u00e2t-\u0131 mukteziye icras\u0131yla um\u00fbmundan ahz \u00fccem olunabilecek (toplanabilecek) paran\u0131n dahi bileti ba\u2019dehu g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere defteriyle beraber irs\u00e2l buyurulmas\u0131n\u0131 niy\u00e2z eyleriz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu son giri\u015fimin de \u00f6nceki gibi sonu\u00e7suz kalm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bununla birlikte, belgenin sat\u0131r aralar\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu giri\u015fime ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bir kere, bu tarih eserinin, \u00c7erkes se\u00e7kinlerinin giri\u015fimiyle yaz\u0131lmak istendi\u011fi; ikincisi, bu giri\u015fim i\u00e7in bir yazar kurulu olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu, Bab\u0131\u00e2li\u2019de Ebussuud caddesinde 34 numaral\u0131 yerde bir y\u00f6netim merkezi kuruldu\u011fu ve burada d\u00fczenli toplant\u0131lar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, bu yolda b\u00fct\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, geriye sadece para sorunu kald\u0131\u011f\u0131; bu sorunun da Padi\u015fah ile Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n \u00e7evresinde bulunan varl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00c7erkeslerin yapacaklar\u0131 yard\u0131mlar sayesinde a\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor. Ancak, bu arada \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde oturan duyarl\u0131 \u00c7erkeslerin bu giri\u015fime katk\u0131da bulunmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ildi\u011fi, bunun i\u00e7in de bu giri\u015fime maddi destek sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik organizasyonlar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131\u2019n\u0131n parasal deste\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Eski\u015fehir ve Bursa gibi \u00c7erkes n\u00fcfusunun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu yerlerden al\u0131nan destekle yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Olduk\u00e7a kapsaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu layihan\u0131n hemen ba\u015f\u0131nda, bu tasar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zetinin Padi\u015faha dahi sunuldu\u011fu, bu giri\u015fime Padi\u015fah\u0131n bilgisi d\u00e2hilinde ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemle belirtiliyordu. Bu layiha, uzun bir giri\u015ften sonra \u201cM\u00fcessisler\u201d,\u201cM\u00fcellifler\u201d, \u201cMuharrirler ve M\u00fctercimler\u201d, \u201cLayihan\u0131n Hul\u00e2sas\u0131\u201d ile \u201cH\u00e2time\u201d alt ba\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Layihan\u0131n giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, b\u00f6yle bir eserin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131na giri\u015filmesinin gerek\u00e7esi \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c[Bat\u0131l\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan] Ne\u015friy\u00e2t-\u0131 k\u00e2zibe-i gadd\u00e2r\u00e2nenin bu derece ilerlemesi aleyhinde s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylenilen s\u00e2\u2019ir milelin m\u00fcd\u00e2fa\u2019as\u0131 misull\u00fb \u00c7erkesler taraf\u0131ndan bir m\u00fcd\u00e2fa\u2019a-i muktedir\u00e2ne-i muh\u0131k\u00e2ne ve \u00c7erkesistan\u0131n her ahv\u00e2lini hakkiyle bildirir ne\u015friy\u00e2t-\u0131 m\u00fcstakim\u00e2ne ile muk\u00e2bele ve m\u00fcd\u00e2fa\u2019aya himmet eden olmamas\u0131ndan ne\u015f\u2019et etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bin\u00e2en\u2019aleyh haz\u00e2 del\u00e2\u2019il-i kat\u2019iyye ile \u015fu isn\u00e2d\u00e2t ve m\u00fcfteriy\u00e2t-\u0131 v\u00e2k\u0131\u2019an\u0131n k\u00fclliyen redd ve<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ibt\u00e2line ve \u00c7erkesistan\u0131n her mev\u00e2ki\u2019 ve ar\u00e2zisine ve \u00c7erkeslerin men\u015fe\u2019 ve \u00e2d\u00e2t ve ahl\u00e2k ve<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">edebiy\u00e2t ve ef\u2019\u00e2l ve mu\u2019\u00e2\u015feret ve mu\u2019\u00e2melat-\u0131 c\u00e2hiliyye ve \u015fer\u2019iyye ve vuk\u00fb\u2019\u00e2t-\u0131 harbiyelerine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d\u00e2ir m\u00fckemmel bir \u00c7erkesistan tarih-i um\u00fbmiyesinin tert\u00eebi ve ne\u015frine nih\u00e2yet derecede<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sarf-\u0131 himmet eylemek bug\u00fcn ale\u2019l-um\u00fbm ric\u00e2l-i \u00c7er\u00e2kiseye farz olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bug\u00fcn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7erkesler aleyhinde bulunan Avrupa efk\u00e2r-\u0131 um\u00fbmiyesinin \u00c7erkesler lehinde bi-hakk\u0131n ta\u2019d\u00eel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ve tahv\u00eeline (tamam\u0131yla d\u00fczeltilip de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine) ve an-be-an mahv ve m\u00fcnkar\u0131z olmakta<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(t\u00fckenmekte) olan kavmiyet ve \u2018asabiyyet-i \u00c7erkesiyyenin muh\u00e2faza ve ihy\u00e2s\u0131na bu tarih<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">yard\u0131m edecek ve belki bir mukaddeme-i m\u00fcstakile olabilecektir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir n\u00fcshas\u0131 Padi\u015faha da sunulan layihan\u0131n \u201c\u00c7erkesistan Tarih-i Umumiyesi\u2019nin S\u00fbret-i Tanz\u00eemine Dair Hul\u00e2sad\u0131r\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6zetinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131 aynen yay\u0131nl\u0131yoruz:\u201cTanz\u00eem olunacak tarihin n\u00e2m\u0131 (\u00c7erkesistan Tarih-i Um\u00fbmiyesi) olub elsine-i ecnebiye \u00fczere yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan her tarih tetebb\u00fb\u2019 ve tahk\u00eek ve \u00c7erkes ihtiy\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n ma\u2019l\u00fbm\u00e2t ve if\u00e2d\u00e2t-\u0131 \u015fif\u00e2hiyeleri istima\u2019 edilerek destres olunabilecek ma\u2019l\u00fbm\u00e2t-\u0131 sah\u00eehaye nazaran K\u00e2fk\u00e2sya k\u0131t\u2019\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n k\u00e2ffe-i mev\u00e2ki\u2019 ve hud\u00fbd ve ar\u00e2zisinden ve \u00c7erkeslerin men\u015fe-i hak\u00eek\u00eesinden bed\u2019an ile bin \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz sene-i hicriyesi muharremine kadar get\u00fcrelecektir\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBu tarih her biri l\u00fcz\u00fbmu kadar fus\u00fbl \u00fc env\u00e2\u2019\u0131 (b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve konular\u0131) \u015f\u00e2mil olmak (kapsamak) \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fczerine tert\u00eeb olunacakt\u0131r (d\u00fczenlenecektir)\u2019\u2019.\u201cBirinci k\u0131s\u0131mda K\u00e2fkasya k\u0131t\u2019as\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafyas\u0131yla \u00c7erkeslerin ibtid\u00e2 \u00c7erkezist\u00e2na nereden ve ne vechile gel\u00fcb ne s\u00fbretle tavattun eyledikleri (yurt tuttuklar\u0131) ve ol vakit k\u00f6leye m\u00e2lik olub olmad\u0131klar\u0131 ve m\u00e2lik idiler ise k\u00f6lelerine ne vechile mu\u2019\u00e2mele eyledikleri ve ol vakit insan satub satmad\u0131klar\u0131 ve zem\u00e2n-\u0131 cahiliyedeki s\u00e2\u2019ir id\u00e2re-i um\u00fbmiyeleriyle andan sonra \u0130sl\u00e2miyetlerine kadar ne s\u00fbretle ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve us\u00fbl-i harbleri ve i\u2019tik\u00e2dlar\u0131 ve ol vakit oralarda esir sirkat olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (esir sat\u0131l\u0131p sat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131) ve us\u00fbl-i m\u00fcn\u00e2kehe ve izdivac (ni\u015fan ve evlenme \u015fekilleri) ve edebiy\u00e2t ve mu\u2019a\u015feretleri ve s\u00e2ir ahv\u00e2l-i hus\u00fbsiye ve um\u00fbmiyeleri l\u00fcz\u00fbmu kadar fus\u00fbl \u00fc env\u00e2\u2019-\u0131 m\u00fcnkasim olarak ir\u00e2\u2019e edilecektir.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u0130kincisinde ibtid\u00e2 \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019in \u00c7erkezist\u00e2na ne v\u00e2s\u0131ta ve s\u00fbretle dahil ve inti\u015f\u00e2r eyledi\u011fi ve bu esn\u00e2da ne gibi vek\u00e2yi\u2019e tes\u00e2d\u00fcf olundu\u011fu ve \u0130sl\u00e2miyetden sonra \u00c7erkezist\u00e2nda ka\u00e7 t\u00fcrl\u00fc us\u00fbl-i id\u00e2re g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kab\u00e2ilin m\u00fcte\u2019addid n\u00e2m ve unv\u00e2na s\u00fbret ve sebeb-i ink\u0131s\u00e2m\u0131yla cihet-i id\u00e2renin derece-i tef\u00e2v\u00fct\u00fc ve s\u00fbret-i ekl \u00fc \u015f\u00fcrbleri ve us\u00fbl \u00fc vuk\u00fb\u2019\u00e2t-\u0131 harbiyeleri ve us\u00fbl-i m\u00fcn\u00e2keh\u00e2t ve izdiv\u00e2c ve edebiy\u00e2t ve m\u00fcb\u00e2\u015feretleri ve sirkat\u0131n derecesiyle s\u00e2rikler (h\u0131rs\u0131zlar) hakk\u0131nda ne mu\u2019\u00e2mele c\u00e2r\u00ee oldu\u011fu ve huk\u00fbk-\u0131 um\u00fbmiye ve hus\u00fbsiyenin ne s\u00fbretle muh\u00e2faza edilmekte id\u00fc\u011f\u00fc da\u2019\u00e2v\u00eenin ne vechile fasl \u00fc r\u00fc\u2019yet olundu\u011fu ve o as\u0131rlarda k\u00f6lelerine ne vechile mu\u2019\u00e2mele eyledikleri ve kan g\u00fctmek mes\u2019elesinin s\u00fbret-i esb\u00e2b\u0131 ve insan satmak hus\u00fbsunun ne s\u00fbret ve esb\u00e2ba bin\u00e2-i tevsi\u2019 eyledi\u011fi ve hangi tarihte \u0130stanbul\u2019a insan satma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 ve buna en evvel kimin sebeb oldu\u011fu ve k\u00f6lelerine v\u00e2ki\u2019 olan mu\u2019amelelerinin \u015fer\u2019\u00ee-i \u015fer\u00eefe muv\u00e2f\u0131k olub olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve K\u0131r\u0131m Muh\u00e2rebesinden \u00c7erkeslerin siy\u00e2seten istif\u00e2de edememelerinin esb\u00e2b\u0131 ve ahv\u00e2l-i hus\u00fbsiye ve um\u00fbmiye-i s\u00e2\u2019ireleri kez\u00e2lik l\u00fcz\u00fbmu kadar f\u00fcs\u00fbl ve env\u00e2\u2019-\u0131 m\u00fcnkas\u0131m olarak g\u00f6sterilecektir\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcnde hicrete sebebiyet veren ahv\u00e2l ile ne vechile hicret olundu\u011fu ve esn\u00e2-y\u0131 hicrette tes\u00e2d\u00fcf olunan ahv\u00e2l-i mu\u2019\u00e2melat ve hicretten maksad ne oldu\u011fu ve hicretten sonra g\u00f6r\u00fclen mu\u2019\u00e2melat ve burada \u00c7erkesler de sirkatin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131na sebeb olan ahv\u00e2l ve \u00c7erkesler\u2019in \u00f6tekine berikine serd tan\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131n esb\u00e2b\u0131 ve muh\u00e2rebe-i \u00e2hire (93 Harbi) nih\u00e2yetine kadar \u00c7erkesler\u2019e ec\u00e2nibin eyledi\u011fi m\u00fcfterey\u00e2t ve istin\u00e2d\u00e2tla (iftira ve yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalarla) bundan maksadlar\u0131 ne oldu\u011fu ve bir daha avdet edememek \u00fczere R\u00fbmili\u2019nden hicret etdirilmelerinin esb\u00e2b\u0131 bey\u00e2n olunacak ve her k\u0131sm ve fasl ve nev\u2019i tev\u00e2rih-i at\u00eekan\u0131n (eski tarihin) del\u00e2il-i makb\u00fbleye m\u00fcstenid bulunan ib\u00e2r\u00e2t\u0131na ve yahud kav\u00e2n\u00een-i tabi\u2019iyyeye ve ihb\u00e2r\u00e2t-\u0131 ma\u2019k\u00fbleye ve\u2019l-h\u00e2s\u0131l ber\u00e2h\u00een-i muh\u00eeta-i mukni\u2019aya m\u00fcstenid olacakd\u0131r\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cHerkesin bu u\u011furda vuk\u00fb\u2019a gelen i\u2019\u00e2ne mes\u00e2\u2019\u00eesi muhabbet-i milliyesi i\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00fczel miz\u00e2n \u00fc miky\u00e2s (\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc) olaca\u011f\u0131ndan tarihin h\u00e2timesinde bir cedvel-i mahs\u00fbs tanz\u00eem ve tert\u00eeb edilerek himm\u00e2t-\u0131 v\u00e2k\u0131\u2019a \u2018al\u00fc\u2019s-s\u00e2m\u00ee tahr\u00eer ve te\u015fr\u00eeh edilecektir (a\u00e7\u0131klanacakt\u0131r)\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cOnuncu madde m\u00fbcibince Dersa\u2019\u00e2det\u2019de mevc\u00fbd m\u00fc\u2019essis\u00een ve m\u00fc\u2019ellif\u00een c\u00e2nibinden lad\u00fc\u2019l- isti\u015f\u00e2re (dan\u0131\u015farak) devletl\u00fb \u00fcbhetl\u00fb Hayredd\u00een Pa\u015fa hazretlerinin imz\u00e2s\u0131 ma\u2019\u00fc\u2019l-iftih\u00e2r (iftiharla) kab\u00fbl olunmu\u015f oldu\u011fundan muv\u00e2fakat-\u0131 feh\u00eem\u00e2neleri (anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olurlar\u0131) ric\u00e2 edilece\u011fi gibi m\u00fc\u2019ellif\u00een-i silkine (yazarlar aras\u0131na) sa\u2019\u00e2detl\u00fb Ahmed Midhat Efendi Hazretleri d\u00e2hil olmu\u015f ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc madde m\u00fbcibince id\u00e2re-i m\u00fcd\u00eeriyete t\u00fcfeng\u00ee-i cen\u00e2b-\u0131 \u015fehriy\u00e2r\u00ee m\u00eeralay izzetl\u00fb Ahmed Beyefendi\u2019nin ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 madde m\u00fbcibince m\u00fc\u2019ellifler hey\u2019eti riy\u00e2setine um\u00fbm muh\u00e2cir\u00een m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi ba\u015fk\u00e2tibi izzetl\u00fb R\u00e2\u015fid Bey\u2019in intih\u00e2b\u0131 ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc madde m\u00fbcibince id\u00e2re m\u00fcd\u00fcriyeti vek\u00e2letiyle m\u00fc\u2019ellif\u00een riy\u00e2seti mu\u2019\u00e2venetine dahi Kosova vil\u00e2yeti a\u2019\u015f\u00e2r n\u00e2z\u0131r-\u0131 s\u00e2b\u0131k\u0131 izzetl\u00fb Hur\u015f\u00eed Efendi\u2019nin nasb\u0131 tens\u00eeb edilmi\u015ftir (uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2018M\u00fckemmel\u2019 Bir \u00c7erkes Tarihi \u015e\u00f6yle Yaz\u0131l\u0131r !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 tasarlanan \u00c7erkesistan tarihinin Osmanl\u0131-\u0130sl\u00e2m tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7izgisinde oldu\u011fu, yukar\u0131da \u00f6zeti verilen layihadan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Osmanl\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli ve orijinal bir belge oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u015fbu layihay\u0131 aynen yay\u0131nlayarak Osmanl\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 literat\u00fcr\u00fcne m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir katk\u0131da bulunmak istedik. Ancak layiha, epeyce uzun ve kapsaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca \u00f6zetini vermeyi tercih ettik. Bu makalede, Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinde \u00f6nemli bir etkinli\u011fe sahip \u00c7erkeslerin kapsaml\u0131 bir tarih yazmak yolunda s\u00f6z konusu layihan\u0131n \u00e7evirisini yaparak Osmanl\u0131-\u0130sl\u00e2m tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan analiz etmeye ve Osmanl\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tarihindeki yerini belirlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Layihan\u0131n k\u0131saca tahlilini yapacak olursak, \u00f6ncelikle, yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan \u00c7erkes Tarihi\u2019nin \u0130slamik bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla kaleme al\u0131nmak istendi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla teleolojik nitelikli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Sonra, \u201cahl\u00e2fa g\u00fczel bir muhakeme ve ibret tarikini g\u00f6stermek\u201d amac\u0131yla kaleme al\u0131nmak istenmi\u015ftir. Son olarak da, \u00c7erkeslerin,\u201ckendi kavmiyet ve memleketleri hakk\u0131nda hen\u00fcz m\u00fckemmel bir tarihe malik olmamalar\u0131\u201d, b\u00f6ylesi bir tarihin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7i, Kafkaslara ve Kafkas kavimlerine ili\u015fkin ecneb\u00ee tarihlerinde mebzul miktarda bahis mevcut ise de, bunlar, baz\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015flarla doludur. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n, \u201c\u00c7erkeslerin vah\u015fi ve gaddar ve terbiyeye gayri kabil bulunduklar\u0131na dair\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin, \u00c7erkeslerin karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerinin \u2018her iki taraf\u00e7a dahi me\u00e7hul olmas\u0131\u2019ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0131sacas\u0131, \u00c7erkesistan Tarih-i Um\u00fbmiyesi\u2019nin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 tasar\u0131s\u0131na tepkisel bir hareketin sonucunda te\u015febb\u00fcs edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu te\u015febb\u00fcsten birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l evvel \u00c7erkeslerin k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin Arap\u00e7a baz\u0131 \u015feyler kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise de, bunlar\u0131n \u201cvukufsuzluk hasebiyle\u201d, \u00e7o\u011funlukla pe\u015fin h\u00fckm\u00fcn mahsul\u00fc olmaktan \u00f6teye gidemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131l\u0131 yazarlar ise, b\u00fct\u00fcn Kafkas kavimlerini \u00c7erkes zannetmi\u015fler ve olumsuz pe\u015fin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle de\u011ferlendirmi\u015flerdir. Bu pe\u015fin h\u00fckm\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u00c7erkeslerin insan al\u0131p satmalar\u0131, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, vurgunculu\u011fa,soygunculu\u011fa m\u00fcbtela san\u0131lmas\u0131, tabiat olarak sert tan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 gibi konular bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu sonuncu h\u00fck\u00fcm, \u00f6nceleri \u201cesasen bir kaide-i mahsusa-i \u015fer\u2019iyeye tabi\u2019\u201d iken, sonralar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve \u00c7erkeslerin k\u00f6t\u00fc tan\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yanl\u0131\u015f kanaati d\u00fczeltmek ve \u201cm\u00fckemmel\u201d bir \u00c7erkes Tarihi yazmak, \u00c7erkes b\u00fcy\u00fcklerine \u00e2deta farz olmu\u015ftur. Demek ki bu tarihle, esasen \u00c7erkeslerin \u201cmeden\u00ee\u201dbir tarihi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak, en az\u0131ndan \u00c7erkeslerin \u201cbarbar\u201d (bedev\u00ee) olmad\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya konulacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7erkesistan Tarih-i Umumiyesi yaz\u0131l\u0131rken, yabanc\u0131 dillerde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Kafkaslar ve \u00c7erkesler hakk\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn tarih\u00ee eserlerin incelenerek ve \u00c7erkes b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin bilgi ve ifadeleri toplanarak, \u201cKafkasya k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n kaffe-i mev\u00e2ki\u2019 ve hud\u00fbd ve arazisinden ve \u00c7erkeslerin men\u015fe\u2019-i hakikisinden\u201d ba\u015flayarak hicri 1300 senesi muharremine, yani 1882 sonuna kadar getirilecekti. \u00dc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fmas\u0131 planlanan bu tarihin birinci k\u0131sm\u0131nda; \u00c7erkeslerin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kafkasya\u2019daki \u00fclkelerine gelip yerle\u015fmelerinden \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019le tan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, yani Araplar\u0131n Kafkaslar\u0131 istil\u00e2s\u0131na kadar olan s\u00fcre\u00e7; \u0130kinci k\u0131s\u0131mda, \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019in \u00c7erkesler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar olan d\u00f6nem; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131mda ise, K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan, \u00f6zellikle, Kafkasya\u2019dan ba\u015fka yerlere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7erkes g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcnden Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na kadar olan devre ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n her birinde \u00c7erkeslerin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tarihi ele al\u0131n\u0131p i\u015flenmesi planlan\u0131rken, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131mda \u00c7erkeslerin Kafkasya\u2019dan ba\u015fka yerlere g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 tarihi \u00fczerinde durulmak istendi\u011fi ve ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6zellikle 93 Harbi\u2019nden sonra Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7erkesler hakk\u0131ndaki pe\u015fin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin nedenleri \u00fczerinde durulmak istendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu tasar\u0131n\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00c7erkes diasporas\u0131 tarihi gibi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi an\u0131msatmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7erkeslerin nereden gelip de bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201c\u00c7erkesistan\u201d denilen b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftikleri hen\u00fcz tam olarak ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lamamakla beraber, M. \u00d6. VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karadeniz\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011fu sahillerini i\u015fgal etmekte olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. \u00c7erkeslerin,kuzeyli ve g\u00fcneyli (Akdeniz) iki kavmin kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan meydana geldi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. Bu nedenlerle erken d\u00f6nem \u00c7erkes tarihi hakk\u0131ndaki bilgiler olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7erkesler hakk\u0131ndaki ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ise daha \u00e7ok etnografik niteliktedir ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. II. Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6nemindeki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n as\u0131l amac\u0131n\u0131n bunun ortaya konulmas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve ulusal bilincin canl\u0131 tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun i\u00e7in\u2019se tarihe ba\u015fvuruldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7erkes tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00fcmmet\u00e7i-millet\u00e7i bir \u00e7izgide oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu planda, insanl\u0131k tarihinin Hazreti \u00c2dem ile ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00c7erkes Tarihi\u2019nin d\u00f6nemlere ayr\u0131lmas\u0131nda izlenen y\u00f6ntem ve yakla\u015f\u0131m modelinin \u0130sl\u00e2m tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7izgisinde olmas\u0131, buna \u00f6nemli bir kan\u0131tt\u0131r. Bunlara il\u00e2veten, \u00c7erkesler aleyhindeki \u201cb\u00e2t\u0131l\u201d yarg\u0131lar\u0131n tashih edilmesi gayreti, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00e2lemini kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alan bir tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 mevzu bahis k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, ayn\u0131 zamanda Avrupa merkezli tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepkidir. \u00c7erkeslerin insan ticareti yapt\u0131klar\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclerek savunulmas\u0131, buna bir di\u011fer \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7erkeslerin ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan olumsuz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen baz\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinin ise, tarihsel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve ger\u00e7ekleri yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vurgulanmas\u0131,\u00c7erkes ulusal tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde dikkate de\u011fer noktalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 tasar\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde iktidarla ili\u015fkilere de ayr\u0131ca dikkat edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6ncelikle, kurucu ve yazarlar aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan \u201c\u00fcbbehetl\u00fc\u201dHayrettin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi, yazarlar kuruluna tarih\u00e7i yazar olarak \u201csaadetl\u00fb\u201d Ahmet Mithat Efendi\u2019nin d\u00e2hil edilmesi, m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck makam\u0131na \u201cizzetl\u00fc\u201dMiralay Ahmet Efendi\u2019nin, yazarlar kurulu ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ise Um\u00fbm Muh\u00e2cir\u00een M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi ba\u015fk\u00e2tibi \u201cizzetl\u00fc\u201d Ra\u015fit Bey\u2019in se\u00e7ilmesi ve son olarak, yazarlar kurulu ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na Kosova Vil\u00e2yeti eski A\u015f\u00e2r Naz\u0131r\u0131 \u201cizzetl\u00fc\u201d Hur\u015fit Efendi\u2019nin se\u00e7ilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. B\u00f6ylesi kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00c7erkes Tarihi yaz\u0131m\u0131nda tarih\u00e7i-yazar olarak g\u00f6rev verilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen veya bu layihan\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunan \u00c7erkes ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmemesi anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. Layiha sahiplerinin,yukar\u0131da belirtilen se\u00e7kin ki\u015filer yoluyla iktidar kat\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rmek istedikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ne ki, o s\u0131rada Osmanl\u0131 ayd\u0131n ve tarih\u00e7ileri i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekten se\u00e7kin bir konumu bulunan Kafkas k\u00f6kenli Mizanc\u0131 Mehmet Murat Bey\u2019in g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesi de anlaml\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu s\u0131rada Mizanc\u0131 Murat, \u201cdevrimci\u201d bir ayd\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">olarak tan\u0131n\u0131yor, bu nedenle iktidar taraf\u0131ndan pek de tasvip edilmiyordu. Mekteb-i M\u00fclkiye\u2019de verdi\u011fi dersler de Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dikkatle izlenip jurnal ediliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0131sacas\u0131, b\u00f6ylesine kapsam\u0131 geni\u015f tutulan ve iktidar taraf\u0131ndan da destek verilen \u00f6nemli bir projeye, Kafkas k\u00f6kenli ayd\u0131n bir tarih\u00e7i yazar\u0131n al\u0131nmamas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir eksiklik say\u0131labilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu kapsaml\u0131 tasar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 iktidar\u0131 ile uyumlu bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonucunda ve Osmanl\u0131-\u0130sl\u00e2m tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yazar kadrosunun da buna g\u00f6re tanzim edilmesi, yani konunun uzman\u0131ndan \u00e7ok siyasal tutumun belirleyici oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu nedenle olsa gerek, bu \u015fa\u015fal\u0131 tasar\u0131 II. Abd\u00fclhamit iktidar\u0131n\u0131n tarihe kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">bir tutum tak\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fczerine g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda II. Abd\u00fclhamit y\u00f6netimi iktidara kar\u015f\u0131t bir tutumun olu\u015fumuna zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle, \u00f6nce tarih derslerini, ard\u0131ndan da felsefe \u00f6\u011fretimini ilk\u00f6\u011fretimden ba\u015flayarak b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131ndan kald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra da tarih yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir denetim alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fmenin de etkisiyle olsa gerek s\u00f6z konusu tasar\u0131y\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek ortam ve ko\u015fullar ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026.Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1829 tarihinde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve Rusya aras\u0131nda Edirne \u015fehrinde imzalanm\u0131\u015f bir antla\u015fmad\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fma ile Yunanistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1- Yunanistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2- Eflak, Bo\u011fdan ve S\u0131rbistan\u2019a \u00f6zerklik-otonom sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3- Ruslar, i\u015fgal ettikleri yerlerin \u00e7o\u011funu verdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4- Rus ticaret gemilerine bo\u011fazlarda ge\u00e7i\u015f hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5- Osmanl\u0131 devleti, Rusya\u2019ya sava\u015f tazminat\u0131 olarak 10 taksitte onbir bu\u00e7uk milyon duka alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demeyi Kabul etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6- Antla\u015fman\u0131n 10. Maddesine g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131 Devleti Rusya,\u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Londra\u2019da 6 Temmuz 1827\u2019de ve buna dayal\u0131 olarak yine Londra\u2019da 22 Mart 1829\u2019da aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131, Yunanistan Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren anla\u015fma ve protokol\u00fc kabul edecekti (Londra Antla\u015fmas\u0131)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7- Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u00c7erkesya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm haklar\u0131n\u0131,bu arada Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 ile Bz\u0131b Irma\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 kontrolunu Rusya\u2019ya devretti .\u00c7erkesya\u2019daki Anapa ve Sucuk-Kale (\u015fimdiki Novorossiysk) Limanlar\/Kaleler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Poti Liman\u0131,Ah\u0131ska ve Ah\u0131lkelek de Rusya\u2019ya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.(Osmanl\u0131 kendine ait olmayan \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131, \u00c7erkeslerin haberi olmadan Rusya\u2019ya veriyor. Rusya da bunu kabul edip, \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgale ve soyk\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bu Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Rus Devleti\u2019nin anla\u015farak \u00c7erkesleri Kafkasya\u2019dan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etmenin bir plan\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7erkesler hakk\u0131ndaki ilk elden bilgilerin gezginlerin eserlerinde verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Osmanl\u0131 seyyah\u0131 Evliya \u00c7elebi, 1660\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda gezip g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kafkaslar, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00c7erkesler hakk\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 g\u00f6zlemlerde bulunmu\u015f; \u00c7erkes lisan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ise kendisine g\u00f6re \u015fu ilgin\u00e7 saptamada bulunmu\u015ftur: \u201cBu d\u00fcnya seyyah\u0131, insanlarla sohbet eden yaln\u0131z bilmeyen aciz kul, ben Evliya elli bir senede yedi iklimde on sekiz padi\u015fahl\u0131k yere &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":52549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-egitim","category-guncel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52548"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52548\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52550,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52548\/revisions\/52550"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}