{"id":49433,"date":"2024-01-29T22:24:58","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T19:24:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/?p=49433"},"modified":"2024-02-22T23:13:46","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T20:13:46","slug":"sarikamis-sehitleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/sarikamis-sehitleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f \u015eehitleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kars.gov.tr\/sehirkartlarisarikamissehitleri#\"><\/a>Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda G\u00fcney Kafkasya ve Kars, Ardahan ve Batum sancaklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fgali T\u00fcrk-Rus m\u00fccadelesinde yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 sanca\u011f\u0131n i\u015fgali vatan\u0131n ve devletin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tehlikeye atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rusya durdurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde T\u00fcrk milletinin vatan\u0131 ve son kalesi olan Anadolu tamamen kaybedilebilirdi. &nbsp;Bu sebeple T\u00fcrk milleti I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6l\u00fcm-kal\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi verecek, Kafkas cephesi ise hesapla\u015fman\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olacakt\u0131. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f patlak verdi\u011finde Rusya, Almanya ile m\u00fccadeleye \u00f6ncelik verdi. Almanya ma\u011flup edilince Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni yenmek ve tarihi emellerine ula\u015fmak kolay g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin hedefi ise Rusya\u2019y\u0131 Anadolu\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kararak devletin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc teminat alt\u0131na almak, i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam unsurlar\u0131na h\u00fcrriyetlerini kazand\u0131rmak, Rus ve Ermeni katliamlar\u0131na son vermek ve 93. Harbi\u2019nin intikam\u0131n\u0131 alarak Anadolu ve Kafkasya\u2019ya yeni bir ruh kazand\u0131rmak idi. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk seferberli\u011fi T\u00fcrk-Alman ittifak\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015flad\u0131. Anadolu erzak ve ia\u015fe y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi, subay ve personel eksikli\u011fi ve demiryolunun yoklu\u011fu gibi sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc haz\u0131rl\u0131klar istenilen seviyede olmad\u0131. Rus donanmas\u0131 T\u00fcrk ordusuna k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k k\u0131l\u0131k-k\u0131yafet, silah ve m\u00fchimmat getiren gemileri bat\u0131r\u0131nca 3. Ordunun sava\u015f\u0131 kendi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekten ba\u015fka \u00e7aresi kalmad\u0131. &nbsp;Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk ordusu iki kolordudan meydana geliyordu. Bilahare 10. Kolordu ile takviyesine karar verilerek kolordu say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rus ordusu 2 Kas\u0131m 1914\u2019te K\u00f6pr\u00fck\u00f6y\u00fc istikametinden sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti. T\u00fcrk ordusu K\u00f6pr\u00fck\u00f6y ve Azap muharebeleriyle sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 durdursa da d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 tamamen yok edemedi. Ba\u015fkomutan Vekili Enver Pa\u015fa, \u00dc\u00e7 Sanca\u011fa girebilmek i\u00e7in Rus ordusunu imha edecek bir ku\u015fatma harek\u00e2t\u0131na karar verdi. Harek\u00e2t plan\u0131na g\u00f6re 11. Kolordu Hasankale \u00f6nlerinde g\u00f6steri taarruzu yaparken 9. Kolordu Bard\u0131z\u2019a (Gaziler), 10. Kolordu Oltu\u2019ya ilerleyerek d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ku\u015fatarak yok edecekti. Bunun i\u00e7in harek\u00e2t\u0131n bask\u0131n tarz\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesine f\u0131rsat verilmemesi gerekiyordu. Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken Enver Pa\u015fa da 12 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Erzurum\u2019a gelerek komutay\u0131 devrald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harek\u00e2t \u00f6ncesi 3. Ordu\u2019nun genel mevcudu 118.000 olup, bunun 70.000\u2019i muharip idi. T\u00fcrk taarruzu 22 Aral\u0131k 1914\u2019te ba\u015flad\u0131. 10. Kolordu komutan\u0131 Haf\u0131z Hakk\u0131 Bey, Oltu\u2019yu ald\u0131ktan sonra iki t\u00fcmeni Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f-Kars \u015fosesine indirmesi gerekiyordu. Fakat plan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak Aksar (Penek) ve G\u00f6le\u2019yi (Merdenik) ald\u0131ktan sonra sadece bir t\u00fcmeni Bard\u0131z\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi. Ardahan\u2019a do\u011fru ilerlerken Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesiyle Allahuekber Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 a\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131. Kolordu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7etin k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc hem ge\u00e7 kald\u0131, hem de b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harek\u00e2t\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fck\u00fc 9. Kolordu\u2019nun omuzlar\u0131na y\u00fcklendi. T\u00fcmenler gayet a\u011f\u0131r bir co\u011frafyada d\u00fc\u015fmanla m\u00fccadele ederek ilerlerken Enver Pa\u015fa, birliklerin Bard\u0131z\u2019a ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemeden taarruz emri verdi. B\u00f6ylece d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 kuvvetli bir darbeyle yok etmek yerine birlikleri tek tek muharebeye sokarak ordunun Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f \u00f6nlerinde erimesine neden oldu. 25 Aral\u0131k sabah\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7en t\u00fcmenler ancak ak\u015fam saatlerinde Rus savunma hatlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. Gece saatlerine kadar devam eden sald\u0131r\u0131lara ra\u011fmen Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f al\u0131namad\u0131. 9. Kolordu Komutan\u0131 \u00c7erkezk\u00f6y\u00fc mevkiinde harek\u00e2t\u0131 durdurdu. Birlikler geceyi a\u00e7\u0131k arazide ge\u00e7irirken ordunun taarruz g\u00fcc\u00fc ve morali alt \u00fcst oldu. 26 Aral\u0131kta yap\u0131lan ikinci h\u00fccum \u015fehrin kuzey hatlar\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Yukar\u0131 Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f mevzilerine girilse de \u015fehir yine al\u0131namad\u0131. 29 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta son bir h\u00fccum yap\u0131l\u0131rken 9. Kolordu b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar vererek sava\u015f kabiliyetini yitirdi. 10. Kolordu\u2019nun taarruzundan da sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namad\u0131. Ruslar Bard\u0131z ge\u00e7idini ele ge\u00e7irince Enver Pa\u015fa zafere olan inanc\u0131n\u0131 kaybederek komutay\u0131 Haf\u0131z Hakk\u0131 Bey\u2019e devretti ve b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. 9. Kolordu\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 1.200 asker esir edilince 4 Ocak 1915\u2019te orduya geri \u00e7ekilme emri verildi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harek\u00e2t sona erdi\u011finde Ruslar yakla\u015f\u0131k 32.000 kay\u0131p veridi. T\u00fcrk ordusunun \u015fehit, yaral\u0131, hasta, kay\u0131p ve esir olmak \u00fczere toplam kayb\u0131 90.000\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131yordu.&nbsp;Ordu\u2019nun 9.000\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fen mevcudu yeniden te\u015fkilatlanmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir hafta i\u00e7inde 21.351\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Harek\u00e2t\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131, seferberlikten itibaren ba\u015flayan hatalar ve ihmaller zincirinin hazin bir sonucudur. K\u00f6pr\u00fck\u00f6y ve Azap muharebelerinde d\u00fc\u015fman imha edilerek tehdit ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lsayd\u0131 Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmayacakt\u0131. T\u00fcrk askeri askerli\u011fin b\u00fct\u00fcn icaplar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirdi\u011fi halde ordunun sevk ve idaresinde ya\u015fanan sorunlar bu sonucu do\u011furmu\u015ftur.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Ordu sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetti\u011finden \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck Ruslara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Elviye-i Selase ve Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan yolda Do\u011fu Anadolu i\u015fgal ve istilaya a\u00e7\u0131k hale gelmi\u015ftir. &nbsp;93. Harbi\u2019nin yaralar\u0131n\u0131 sarmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yeni ac\u0131lara neden olundu. Ruslar harek\u00e2t b\u00f6lgesinde on binlerce T\u00fcrk ahaliyi T\u00fcrk ordusuna destek verdikleri iddias\u0131yla katletti. Ta\u015fnak Ermenilerini k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak do\u011fu vilayetlerinde isyanlar \u00e7\u0131karmak suretiyle devleti ve orduyu iki ate\u015f aras\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Bu sebeple \u00f6nce Elviye-i Selase\u2019den, ard\u0131ndan do\u011fu vilayetlerinden y\u00fczbinlerce insan daha g\u00fcvenli addettikleri b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131, d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n seyrini de etkilemi\u015ftir. \u0130ngiltere, Rusya \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 azaltmak ve ona yard\u0131m etmek amac\u0131yla \u00c7anakkale cephesini a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>( Kaynak: Prof. Dr. Sel\u00e7uk Ural)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda G\u00fcney Kafkasya ve Kars, Ardahan ve Batum sancaklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fgali T\u00fcrk-Rus m\u00fccadelesinde yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 sanca\u011f\u0131n i\u015fgali vatan\u0131n ve devletin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tehlikeye atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rusya durdurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde T\u00fcrk milletinin vatan\u0131 ve son kalesi olan Anadolu tamamen kaybedilebilirdi. &nbsp;Bu sebeple T\u00fcrk milleti I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6l\u00fcm-kal\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi verecek, Kafkas cephesi ise hesapla\u015fman\u0131n &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-egitim","category-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49433","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49433"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49433\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49433"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}