{"id":44591,"date":"2023-01-02T13:51:36","date_gmt":"2023-01-02T10:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/dergi\/?p=44591"},"modified":"2024-02-22T23:16:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T20:16:24","slug":"belgradin-fethi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/belgradin-fethi\/","title":{"rendered":"Belgrad’\u0131n Fethi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arif G\u00f6kce\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bal\u0131kesir \u00dcni. Tar. B\u00f6l. \u00d6\u011fr.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda Romal\u0131lar bu b\u00f6lgeye geldiler. Sava nehrinin Tuna ile birle\u015fti\u011fi noktan\u0131n yukar\u0131s\u0131nda Belgrad\u0131n eski yerle\u015fim yeri olan Singidunum \u015fehrini kurdular. Mil\u00e2ttan sonra I. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda burada kurulan \u015fehir Romal\u0131lar\u0131n asker\u00ee kamp\u0131 etraf\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, Tuna nehri \u00fczerinde bulunan donanma \u00fcss\u00fc de olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Tuna ve Sava nehirlerinin birle\u015fti\u011fi yerdeki sulak, verimli plato \u00fczerinde bulunan Belgrad Kuzey ve Orta Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 Karadeniz, Ege ve Akdenize ba\u011flayan tarihi, tabii, ticari yollar \u00fczerinde bulundu\u011fundan eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri \u00f6nemli ve stratejik bir \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. (1)<\/p>\n

Bulgarlar, Bizansl\u0131lar ve Macarlar aras\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k el de\u011fi\u015ftiren Belgrad \u015fehri \u2018\u2019Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ilk defa II. Murad zaman\u0131nda ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131. 1441 y\u0131l\u0131nda karadan ve Tuna nehrinden ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcren ku\u015fatma, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan mukavemet ve orduda g\u00f6r\u00fclen salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k gibi sebeplerden dolay\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci ku\u015fatma ise F\u00e2tih Sultan Mehmed taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bizzat padi\u015fah\u0131n da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015fta Osmanl\u0131 ordusu bir sonu\u00e7 alamad\u0131. Nihayet \u015fehir Kan\u00fbn\u00ee\u2019nin Macaristan\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefer sonunda 1521 de fethedilerek\u2019\u2019 (2) Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, 18 May\u0131s 1521 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131larak Belgrad \u00fczerine sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sefere \u00e7\u0131kan Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetlerinde filler de bulunmaktayd\u0131. 28 May\u0131s\u2019ta Edirne civar\u0131na ula\u015fan orduya Rumeli beylerbeyi ve sancak beylerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kuvvetler de kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"KANUN\u0130<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc vezir Ahmed Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki kuvvetler, 7 Temmuz\u2019da B\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrdelen\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irdi. Sonras\u0131nda buraya gelen S\u00fcleyman, kalenin geni\u015fletilmesini ve bir i\u00e7 kale yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. \u00d6te yandan Piri Mehmed Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen Semendire Sancak Beyi Gazi H\u00fcsrev Bey Tuna\u2019n\u0131n sol yakas\u0131ndaki Zemun\u2019u al\u0131rken, ikinci vezir \u00c7oban Mustafa Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki birlikler de Salankamen\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

Sadrazam Piri Mehmed Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki kuvvetler, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay Belgrad\u2019\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131. Celalzade Mustafa \u00c7elebi\u2019nin belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re 15.000, Hocazade Mehmed\u2019e g\u00f6re 25.000 kadar Osmanl\u0131 askeri \u015fehrin ku\u015fatmas\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Belgrad\u2019\u0131n savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Mihaly More ile Balazs Olah\u2019\u0131n komutas\u0131nda 700 kadar asker vard\u0131. 8 A\u011fustos 1521 tarihinde d\u0131\u015f kaleye giren Osmanl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri, 29 A\u011fustos 1521 tarihinde i\u00e7 kaledekilerin teslim olmas\u0131yla \u015fehir Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u015eehirde ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Macaristan\u2019a giderken, aslen S\u0131rp olanlar \u0130stanbul\u2019a nakledilerek Yedikule civar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirildi. Belgrad kalesi ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 topla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilirken, kalenin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Bosna Sancak Beyi Yahya Pa\u015fazade Bali Bey tayin edildi. Bo\u015falan Bosna sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi ise Gazi H\u00fcsrev Bey\u2019e b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. 18 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019e kadar \u015fehirde kalan Kanuni ise oradan ayr\u0131larak 19 Ekim\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fetih hakk\u0131nda Kutsal Roma Cermen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u0130stanbul el\u00e7isi; \u2018\u2019Belgrad\u2019\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesi, Macaristan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sebep olan olaylar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. 2. Lajos\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Budin\u2019in ele ge\u00e7irili\u015fi ve Erdel\u2019in i\u015fgaliyle devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve di\u011fer \u00fclkeleri de benzer sonu ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131na dair Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 bir korku sarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u2018\u2019 \u015feklinde yorum yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eehir, Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fine girdikten sonra, Avrupa\u2019ya d\u00fczenlenen ak\u0131nlarda bir \u00fcs g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve Dar\u00fc\u2019l cihad( Sava\u015f yeri) ad\u0131yla an\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.\"Belgrad'\u0131n<\/p>\n

Belgrad\u2019\u0131n kaybedilmesinden sonra zay\u0131flayan Macaristan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1526\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Moha\u00e7 Muharebesi\u2019ni kaybetmesi sonras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ba\u011fland\u0131. Belgrad ise, 1688\u2019deki Belgrad Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\u2019na kadar Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finde Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131. 30 Temmuz-8 Eyl\u00fcl 1688 tarihleri aras\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kontrol\u00fcndeki Belgrad’a, Kutsal Roma Cermen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu \u00f6nderli\u011findeki ku\u015fatma sonras\u0131nda \u015fehir Kutsal Roma Cermen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu hakimiyetine girdi. Belgrat \u015fehri \u00f6nemine binaen Alman, Avusturya, Macaristan devletleri ile Kutsal Cermen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu (1440), (1456), (1521), (1688), (1690), (1693), (1717), (1739), (1789) tarihleri aras\u0131nda muhtelif zamanlarda de\u011fi\u015fik devletler ve Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Belgrad 1815 S\u0131rp isyan\u0131na kadar do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu elinde kald\u0131.1815’te Osmanl\u0131’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zerk S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n \u015fehri oldu;1878 Berlin antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile S\u0131rbistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet olunca Belgrad’da resmi olarak Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu elinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Faydalan\u0131lan eserler.<\/b><\/p>\n

1- T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131, \u0130slam Ansiklopesisi<\/p>\n

2- Aslanta\u015f, Selim; ss. 24, 26,veb29<\/p>\n

3- Yurdayd\u0131n, H\u00fcseyin G. \u2018\u2019Ferdi\u2019nin S\u00fcleymanname\u2019sinin yeni bir n\u00fcshas\u0131, s. 12<\/p>\n

4- Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131; ss. 311-312<\/p>\n

5- Acta Historica (Macarca) LI. \u2013 LIX. Cilt, Szeged \u00dcniversitesi, 1975, s. 4, 5<\/p>\n

6- (Mittak, Ferenc (2008), Kepes magyar historia: 1111 ev, a karpat-meden ceben (Macarca), TTK. s. 187. ISBN 9635966296,<\/p>\n

7- Sanudo Marino: Labalme, Patricia H: White, Laura Sanguineti issance Diaries of Marin Sanudo. Johns Hopkins University Press, s. 209 ISBN 0801887658<\/p>\n

8- Sakao\u011flu, Necdet; ss. 4<\/p>\n

9- Clot, Andre; ss. 39<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arif G\u00f6kce\u00a0 Bal\u0131kesir \u00dcni. Tar. B\u00f6l. \u00d6\u011fr. \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda Romal\u0131lar bu b\u00f6lgeye geldiler. Sava nehrinin Tuna ile birle\u015fti\u011fi noktan\u0131n yukar\u0131s\u0131nda Belgrad\u0131n eski yerle\u015fim yeri olan Singidunum \u015fehrini kurdular. Mil\u00e2ttan sonra I. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda burada kurulan \u015fehir Romal\u0131lar\u0131n asker\u00ee kamp\u0131 etraf\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, Tuna nehri \u00fczerinde bulunan donanma \u00fcss\u00fc de olmu\u015ftur. Tuna ve Sava nehirlerinin …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":45664,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-guncel","category-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44591"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44591\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}