\u015eehirlerimizin tarih\u00ee zaman dilimlerinde, in\u015fa edicilerinden ba\u015flayarak, \u00fczerinde ya\u015fatt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00e2n\u00e2lara, de\u011ferlere ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 misyona izafeten vas\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 vazge\u00e7ilmez bir gele-nek idi. Bir \u015fehrin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00e2n\u00e2 ve k\u0131ymet, vasf\u0131na y\u00e2ni niteli\u011fine nispetle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. O \u015fehre atfedilen \u00f6nem ve misyon da \u015fehrin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 vas\u0131ftan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u015eehirlerin vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak \u015fehir okumalar\u0131, bin y\u0131l sonra bile o \u015fehrin kimlik ve m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kel\u00e2m-\u0131 Kad\u00eem\u2019de, \u201c\u015eehirlerin anas\u0131: \u00dcmm\u2019\u00fcl Kura\u201d olarak vas\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan Mekke\u2019nin \u201cM\u00fckerreme\u201d, Medine\u2019nin\u00a0 \u201cM\u00fcnevvere\u201d, Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn \u201c\u015eer\u00eef\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131, \u201cbize ait\u201d \u015fehirlerimizin mutlaka ay\u0131rt edici bir vasf\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gere\u011fine i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n
\u015eam ve Buhara i\u00e7in; \u015eam-\u0131 \u015eer\u00eef, Buhara-y\u0131 \u015eer\u00eef,\u00a0 Amasya i\u00e7in ; \u201cMedinet\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fckema\u201d, \u201cKub-bet\u00fc\u2019l Ulem\u00e2\u201d, \u0130stanbul i\u00e7in; \u201cDers\u00e2adet\u201d, Halep i\u00e7in; \u201cHaleb\u2019\u00fc\u015f-\u015fehb\u00e2\u201d, Trabzon i\u00e7in; \u201cEvs\u00e2f-\u0131 \u015eehr-i az\u00eem ve kal\u2019a-i ma\u2019mur-\u0131 kad\u00eem\u201d, \u201cHur\u015f\u00eed-\u00e2b\u00e2d\u201d, kad\u00eem \u015fehirlerimizin vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, Ba\u011fdat i\u00e7in; \u201cVilayet-i Ba\u011fdad-\u0131 behi\u015ft-\u00e2b\u00e2d\u201d, Ankara i\u00e7in; \u201cMet\u00een-i k\u00e2mil, s\u00fbr-\u0131 ibret-n\u00fcm\u00e2-y\u0131 ma\u2019mur\u201d, Bursa i\u00e7in; \u201cEvsaf-\u0131 \u015fehr-i az\u00eem\u201d, Konya i\u00e7in; \u201cd\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-m\u00fclk-i kad\u00eem \u015fehr-i \u00eem\u00e2n\u201d, Antakya i\u00e7in; \u201cBelde-i d\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-m\u00fclk-i kad\u00eem-\u00ee Antakiyye\u201d, Van i\u00e7in; \u201cVilayet-i Van-\u0131 sedd-i \u00eeman\u201d vas\u0131flar\u0131yla bu kad\u00eem medeniyet \u015fehirleri anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Kad\u00eem \u015fehirlerimizin her birinin b\u00f6ylesine m\u00fctemeyyiz, m\u00fczeyyen, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131fat\u0131 bulunurdu. Sadece \u015fehirlerimiz de\u011fil, \u015fehir mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 da s\u0131fatlar ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle Evliy\u00e2 \u00c7elebi Mem\u00e2lik-i \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019daki \u015fehirleri vas\u0131flar\u0131yla anlat\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00c7elebi, \u201cevs\u00e2f-\u0131 \u015fehr\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehirlerini anlat\u0131rken \u201cbu g\u00fcne lat\u00eef esm\u00e2lar\u0131 vard\u0131r\u201d diyerek \u201cDevlet-i \u00c2l-i Osman\u2019da olan arz-\u0131 mukaddese \u015fehirleri esm\u00e2lar\u0131nda \u00e2b-u t\u00e2b ve \u015f\u00e2n vard\u0131r\u201d c\u00fcmlesiy-le \u015fehirlerimizin vas\u0131flar\u0131na vurgu yapar.<\/p>\n
\u00c7elebi, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehirlerdeki e\u015fr\u00e2f\u0131 anlat\u0131rken ise \u201cEvsaf-\u0131 kib\u00e2r u e\u015fr\u00e2f u a\u2019yan\u201d, \u201cSit\u00e2yi\u015f-i suleh\u00e2y-i me\u015fayih\u00e2n\u201d, \u201cM\u00fc\u015ferref oldu\u011fumuz y\u00e2r\u00e2n u ihv\u00e2n\u201d, \u201cM\u00e2mur-u b\u00fcny\u00e2d\u201d vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eehir mek\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan bahsederken de \u201cTavs\u00eef-i sar\u00e2y-\u0131 a\u2019yan\u201d, \u201cDer-sit\u00e2yi\u015f-i mahall\u00e2t-\u0131 b\u00fcl-d\u00e2n\u201d, Ta\u2019rif-i \u00e7e\u015fme-i \u00e2b-\u0131 rev\u00e2n\u201d gibi vas\u0131flar kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu man\u00e2da, Sel\u00e7uklu tarih\u00e7isi rahmetli Prof. Osman Turan \u201cSel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019si \u015fehirlerinin Unv\u00e2nlar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yler: \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda baz\u0131 m\u00fchim \u015fehirlere m\u00fcnasip unvan veya l\u00e2kaplar veriliyor ve bunlar \u00e7ok defa isimleri ile birlikte veyahut isim yerine kulla-n\u0131l\u0131yordu. Mesel\u00e2 Hil\u00e2fet ve b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyet merkezi olan Ba\u011fdad Medinet \u00fcs-Sel\u00e2m veya D\u00e2r \u00fcs-Sel\u00e2m unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bununla da onun sulh ve sel\u00e2met \u015fehri veya cennet-vas\u0131f oldu\u011fu ifade ediliyordu. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ilimlerin daima y\u00fcksek bir derecede devam etti\u011fi Buhara ile<\/p>\n
Sultan Sancar\u2019\u0131n 60 y\u0131ll\u0131k payitaht\u0131 olup \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck merkezi h\u00e2linde y\u00fckse-len Merv \u015fehri, ayn\u0131 zamanda, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e2limler, \u015fairler, san\u2019atk\u00e2r ve filozoflar ile dolu bulun-du\u011fu i\u00e7in de Kubbet\u00fcl-\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 ile y\u00e2d olunuyordu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ahlat\u2019\u0131n da XIII. as\u0131rda bu s\u0131fat\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 onun ilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr bak\u0131mlar\u0131ndan derecesinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 ile ilgili idi. Isfahan ve Tebriz \u015fehirleri de Sel\u00e7uklu, \u0130lhanl\u0131, T\u00fcrkmen ve Safev\u00ee devletlerinin payitaht\u0131 oldu-\u011fu i\u00e7in Dar \u00fcs-Saltana s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sinde \u015fehirlerin unvan almas\u0131 daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u015fehirlere ait un-vanlar\u0131 daha mahduttur. \u0130mparatorluk merkezi \u0130stanbul\u2019un pek \u00e7ok y\u00fcceltici s\u0131fatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda D\u00e2r us-Saadet veya Der-Sa\u00e2det, sa\u00e2det \u015fehri ve cennet m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor; ondan sonra da D\u00e2r ul-Hilafe \u00e7ok kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Osmanl\u0131lar mukaddes tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 Mekke, Medine ve Kud\u00fcs i\u00e7in isimleri ile birlikte Mekke-i M\u00fckerreme, Medine-i M\u00fcnevvere, Kuds-i \u015eer\u00eef terkiplerini ihmal etmiyorlard\u0131. Avrupa seferinde Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131rlarca konak ve \u00fcs yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Belgrad da ekseri Belgrad D\u00e2r \u00fcl-Cih\u00e2d olmu\u015ftu. Sel\u00e7uklu \u015fehirlerine verilen \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n mu-ahhar devirlerde terk edildi\u011fi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.\u201d<\/p>\n
Turan, -yukar\u0131da say\u0131lanlardan ba\u015fka- baz\u0131 \u015fehirlerimizin \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ral\u0131yor: \u201cKon-ya: D\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-m\u00fclk (Peyitaht), Kayseri: D\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-Feth veya D\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-m\u00fclk, Sivas: D\u00e2ru\u2019l \u00e2l\u00e2 (Y\u00fccelik beldesi), Aksaray: D\u00e2ru\u2019z-zafer, D\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-Cih\u00e2d, D\u00e2ru\u2019r-ribat (II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n askeri \u00fcss\u00fc oldu\u011fu ve hay\u0131r m\u00fcesseseleri kurdu\u011fu i\u00e7in), Malatya: D\u00e2ru\u2019r-rif\u2019a (\u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fck veya asalet \u015fehri), Erzin-can: D\u00e2ru\u2019n-nasr (Yard\u0131ma mazhar \u015fehir), Amasya: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u0130zz (\u0130zzet ve \u015feref \u015fehri), Ankara: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-h\u0131sm (Mustahkem belde), Tokat: D\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019n-nusret (Yard\u0131m \u015fehri), Ni\u011fde: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-pehlevaniyye (Pehlivanlar beldesi), Bayburd: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-cel\u00e2l (Ululuk \u015fehri), Ahlat: Kubbetul-\u0130sl\u00e2m (\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n kubbesi), Sinop: Lez\u00fbet ul-u\u015f\u015fak (\u00c2\u015f\u0131klar adas\u0131), Samsun: D\u00e2ru\u2019s-sagr (Hudud \u015fehri), Antalya: D\u00e2ru\u2019s-sagr (Hudud \u015fehri), Denizli: D\u00e2ru\u2019s-sagr (Hudud \u015fehri)\u201d<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fehirlerimize bak\u0131yoruz. \u00d6zellikle Tanzimat sonras\u0131 ve cumhuriyetle birlikte hi\u00e7bir \u015fehrimizin tavsif edilmemesi, s\u0131fata de\u011fer, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir vasf\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 nas\u0131l izah edilebi-lir? \u00d6zellikle bug\u00fcn\u00fcn kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmle genleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilen ve bozulan \u015fehirlerimizin tama-m\u0131na olsa olsa vas\u0131f olarak \u201cD\u00e2r\u00fcl kasvet\u201d veya \u201c\u015eehr-i kaos\u201d denilse yeridir. Hele hele \u015eehir-cilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yerel y\u00f6netimler ve TOK\u0130 uygulamalar\u0131yla ifsat edilen \u015fehirlerimize \u201c\u015eehr-i if-sat\u201d, \u201c\u015eehr-i i\u011ffal\u201dden ba\u015fka bir vas\u0131f bulam\u0131yoruz. Bir de kompleks, \u00f6zenti kokan Marka kent, Avrupa kenti, D\u00fcnya kenti, Futbol kenti, Olimpiyat kenti, Festival kenti\u2026 gibi ifsat edi-ci vas\u0131flar \u015fehirlerimizin ne hale getirildi\u011finin, nereye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn itiraf\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi kimi \u015fehirlerimiz gece ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz e\u011flenceleriyle, festivalleriyle, kimi g\u00f6kdelenleri, kimi AVM\u2019leri, rezidanslar\u0131, kimi i\u015f kuleleriyle sembolle\u015firken herhalde bunlar da Dar\u00fc\u2019l-i\u015fret, Da-r\u00fc\u2019l-AVM,\u00a0 \u015eehr-i rezidans, \u015eehr-i az\u00eem-i g\u00f6kdelen olarak tesmiye olunacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Trabzon yerel a\u011fz\u0131nda \u201c\u00e7irkin, bi\u00e7imsiz\u201d anlam\u0131nda \u201csufatsuz\u201d diye bir kelime kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Mo-dern zamanlar\u0131n TOK\u0130 tabutluklar\u0131 ve kompleksle mal\u00fbl klonlanm\u0131\u015f \u015fehirlerimizi en iyi ifade eden vas\u0131flardan birisi de bu \u201csufatsuz\u201d kelimesi olsa gerek.<\/p>\n
Tanp\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n \u201cCedlerimiz in\u015fa etmiyorlar, ibadet ediyorlard\u0131. Maddeye ge\u00e7mesini \u0131srarla is-tedikleri bir ruh ve imanlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Ta\u015f, ellerinde canlan\u0131yor, bir ruh par\u00e7as\u0131 kesiliyordu..\u201d dedi\u011fi ruh, iman ve ta\u015f\u0131n dile geldi\u011fi mek\u00e2nlar \u00fcreten \u015fehirlerimiz ne yaz\u0131k ki art\u0131k yok! \u0130hti-maller \u00e2leminde olmas\u0131 da pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Netice-i kelam, kad\u00eem \u015fehirlerimizden bug\u00fcne gelebilenler bile o muhte\u015fem \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda ken-dilerine verilen vas\u0131flar\u0131 kaybetti. Bug\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019a Dersa\u00e2det, Trabzon\u2019a \u015eehr-i M\u00fczeyyen, Bursa\u2019ya \u015eehr-i Az\u00eem diyebiliyor muyuz? Desek bile bu vas\u0131flar, \u015fehrin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki de\u011fil, tarihteki vasf\u0131na izafetendir.<\/p>\n
\u015eehirler \u201cbizim\u201d iken, y\u00e2ni \u201cya\u015fanmaya de\u011fer\u201d medeniyet \u015fehirleri iken her birinin s\u0131fat\u0131 var-d\u0131. \u015eimdi ise vasf\u0131, s\u0131fat\u0131 kalmad\u0131. S\u0131fats\u0131z \u015fehirde ya\u015famak; niteliksiz, bi\u00e7imsiz, beton ormanla-r\u0131yla i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f, bakterilerin bile ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, insan\u0131n ise ruhsuz bir kadavra gibi sadece biyolojik bir canl\u0131dan ibaret oldu\u011fu ifsat edilmi\u015f bir yery\u00fcz\u00fc par\u00e7as\u0131nda ya\u015famakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ni\u00e7in \u201c\u015fer\u00eef\u201d, \u201cm\u00fckerrem\u201d, \u201cm\u00fcnevver\u201d, \u201caz\u00eem\u201d, \u201c\u00e2l\u00e2\u201d, \u201cnusret\u201d, \u201cm\u00e2mur\u201d,\u00a0 s\u0131fatl\u0131 \u015fehirler.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Yahya D\u00fczenli<\/p>\n
duzenliyahya@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u015eehirlerimizin tarih\u00ee zaman dilimlerinde, in\u015fa edicilerinden ba\u015flayarak, \u00fczerinde ya\u015fatt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00e2n\u00e2lara, de\u011ferlere ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 misyona izafeten vas\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 vazge\u00e7ilmez bir gele-nek idi. Bir \u015fehrin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00e2n\u00e2 ve k\u0131ymet, vasf\u0131na y\u00e2ni niteli\u011fine nispetle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. O \u015fehre atfedilen \u00f6nem ve misyon da \u015fehrin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 vas\u0131ftan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eehirlerin vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak \u015fehir okumalar\u0131, bin y\u0131l sonra bile o \u015fehrin kimlik ve …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":48521,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,50,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-guncel","category-yahya","category-yazarlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4020"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4020\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}