<\/p>\n
Yahya D\u00fczenli<\/p>\n
duzenliyahya@gmail.com<\/p>\n
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Ecd\u00e2d\u0131m\u0131z, sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda fethedece\u011fi topraklarda \u015fehirlere, mesk\u00fbn mahal-lere, ormanlara, ekili arazilere, di\u011fer canl\u0131lara zarar verilmemesi ve bunlar\u0131n tahrip edil-memesi i\u00e7in ehemmiyet g\u00f6sterirdi. Bu konuda \u2018sava\u015f hukuku\u2019na dair bir\u00e7ok kl\u00e2sik me-tinde m\u00fceyyideler ve haddini a\u015fmamaya dair ikazlar, ihtarlar vard\u0131r. Bu m\u00e2n\u00e2da \u00e2limle-rin en me\u015fhurlar\u0131ndan birisi olan \u0130mam Ebu Yusuf Kitab-\u00fcl Hara\u00e7\u2019ta fethedilen yer sahip-lerinin \u201cmallar\u0131, canlar\u0131, arazileri, meskenleri\u2026 her \u015feyleri koruma alt\u0131ndad\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde Peygamber \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc nakleder ve bu y\u00f6nde uygulamalardan \u00f6rnekler verir.<\/p>\n
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Osmanl\u0131 kronikleri de, fethedilen topraklarda \u00f6ncelikle \u015fehirlerin imar\u0131 i\u00e7in Padi\u015fah\u0131n buyruk-lar verdi\u011fini ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde \u015fehirlerin eskisinden daha m\u00e2mur hale geldi\u011fini yazar. Mesel\u00e2; XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda fethedilen \u0130stanbul, Saraybosna, Trabzon\u2026 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u015fehrin eski sakinleri kim olursa olsun, fetihle birlikte art\u0131k o \u015fehir kendilerinin emanetidir. Emanet de emanet edi-lenin korumas\u0131na tevdi edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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Rahmetli muhakkik mimar Turgut Cansever de \u0130stanbul\u2019un 550. Fetih y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen bir sempozyuma \u201cfetih nice kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7ar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sundu\u011fu tebli\u011finde, fethin m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131 \u00fczerinde derinlemesine durur ve \u015fehirlerimizin siluetine dair \u201cad\u0131m ad\u0131m, bir evvelkine dayanarak v\u00fccuda getirilmesi ile olu\u015fmu\u015ftur\u201d diyerek \u201cBu e\u015fsiz olu\u015fum; mutlak bir tarih bilincinin, mutlak olu\u015fumun bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011fu idrakinin ve gelece\u011fini bu idrak i\u00e7erisinde g\u00fczelle\u015ftirmek iradesinin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d tespitini yapar. Anlamak isteyenler i\u00e7in bu tespit, insan ve \u015fehre dair m\u00fckellefiyet ve mes\u2019uliyetimizin ihtar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Peki bug\u00fcn??? Modern zamanlar\u0131n, mesela \u0130srail\u2019in Ortado\u011fu\u2019da tarihte benzerlerine az \u015fahit olunan \u015fehir katliamlar\u0131n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rakarak s\u00f6yleyelim ki; \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z topraklara rant ve \u015fehvet cinnetiyle sald\u0131ran, g\u00f6kdelen, AVM, rezidans, i\u015f kuleleri cinne-tiyle g\u00f6z\u00fc d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcyle birlikte g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc de ifsat edenlerin tarihin Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ve Mo\u011follar\u0131ndan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn istil\u00e2c\u0131lar\u0131ndan ne fark\u0131 vard\u0131r?<\/p>\n
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Yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f her canl\u0131ya \u201cmerhamet\u201d, cans\u0131zlara da \u201cemanet\u201d g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131lan bir medeni-yet ikliminden koparak haf\u0131zan\u0131n yok edilip masum bir b\u00fcnyenin c\u00e2ni haline gelmesi gibi bir haldir bu.<\/p>\n
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Tarih\u00e7i Naima\u2019n\u0131n \u201cfesad\u0131n lezzeti\u201d dedi\u011fi, yok etme \u015fehvetine tutulmu\u015f olanlar\u0131n \u015fehir-lerimizi ne hale getirdiklerini g\u00f6rebiliyor muyuz?<\/p>\n
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Tarih\u00ee ba\u011flamda biraz daha geriye giderek, bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u015fehirlerimizin imar ve ihy\u00e2s\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lanlardan bir \u00f6rne\u011fe g\u00f6z atal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n
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\u0130lk Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Tu\u011frul Bey, \u0130sfahan\u2019\u0131n fethinden sonra y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p harap olan \u015fehrin imar\u0131 i\u00e7in 500 bin dinar sarf eder. Binalar, mescitler, medreseler, hank\u00e2hlar, evler yapt\u0131-<\/p>\n
r\u0131r. Bununla da yetinmeyen Tu\u011frul Bey, Isfahan halk\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l m\u00fcddetle vergiden muaf tutar. \u015eehrin geli\u015fmesine tahsis edilen bu olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek mebl\u00e2\u011f ve al\u0131nan tedbirler alt\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde muhte\u015fem sonu\u00e7lar verir ve Isfahan m\u00e2mur bir \u015fehir haline gelir.<\/p>\n
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N\u00e2s\u0131r-\u0131 Husrev 1052 y\u0131l\u0131nda Isfahan\u2019\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011finde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini Sefern\u00e2me\u2019sinde \u015f\u00f6y-le anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n
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\u201c\u0130sfahan \u015fehrinde akarsular, g\u00fczel ve y\u00fcksek binalar; \u015fehrin ortas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Cuma mescidi g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. \u015eehrin i\u00e7i tamamiyle mamur.\u00a0 Bunlar i\u00e7inde hi\u00e7 harab ev g\u00f6rmedim. Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar var. \u0130\u00e7inde 200 sarraf bulunan bir sarraflar \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Her \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u2018derbend\u2019i ve bir kap\u0131 derv\u00e2zesi bulunuyordu\u2026 Temiz kervansaraylar vard\u0131. \u2018K\u00fb-T\u0131r\u00e2z\u2019 denen bir mahalle\u2019de 50 g\u00fczel kervansaray bulunuyordu; her bir kervansarayda sat\u0131c\u0131lar (beyy\u00e2\u2019an) ve bir\u00e7ok \u2018h\u00fccred\u00e2r\u2019lar oturmu\u015flard\u0131. Bizim beraber yolculuk etti-\u011fimiz -1300 y\u00fck hayvan\u0131ndan gelen- kervan ile \u015fehre girdik; bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kerva-n\u0131n nas\u0131l yerle\u015fti\u011fi hi\u00e7 belli olmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, hi\u00e7bir yerde ne yer darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ne de oturma ve yem g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n
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Tu\u011frul Bey, \u0130sfahan\u2019\u0131 al\u0131nca, buraya Ni\u015fapur\u2019lu h\u00e2ce \u00c2m\u00eed adl\u0131 g\u00fczel yaz\u0131s\u0131 olan, iyi y\u00fczl\u00fc fazilet sever, ho\u015f s\u00f6zl\u00fc, ihsan\u0131 bol bir k\u00e2tibi Vali olarak tayin etmi\u015fti. O, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l halktan hi\u00e7bir vergi almamas\u0131n\u0131 emreden Sultan\u2019\u0131n emrini yerine getirdi. \u015eehirden da-\u011f\u0131lanlar tekrar vatanlar\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fcler\u2026 Ben Fars\u00e7a konu\u015fulan hi\u00e7bir yerde Isfahan\u2019dan daha derli-toplu ve daha mamur bir \u015fehir g\u00f6rmedim\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
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Tu\u011frul Bey\u2019in Isfahan\u2019\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde n\u0131sf-\u0131 cihan (cihan\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131) haline getirmesi adeta muci-zevi bir \u015fehir imar\u0131d\u0131r. Bizde, Tanzimat\u2019la ba\u015flayan, Me\u015frutiyet\u2019le devam eden, erken cumhu-riyet\u2019le b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131r\u0131lma ya\u015fayan; devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te tedricen imhas\u0131na devam edilen, son 12 y\u0131lda da (m\u00fcthi\u015f imk\u00e2n ve f\u0131rsatlara ra\u011fmen, \u015fehir idrak ve tasavvuru olmayanlar eliyle( \u015ee-hircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, yerel y\u00f6netimler ve TOK\u0130), b\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z yeni \u015fehirler kurmay\u0131, var olan kad\u00eem \u015fehirlerimizin dokusunu, mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 yeni zamanlarda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek devam ettirebil-meyi) \u015fehirlerimizi ifsat ve imh\u00e2da cedlerimizin ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n muazzep edilmesini izledik.<\/p>\n
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\u015eehir imar etmeyi ontolojik bir m\u00fckellefiyet (varolu\u015f hikmetinin gere\u011fi) bilen bir zihniyet, \u015fehir imha etmeye nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr?<\/p>\n
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\u201cHesaba \u00e7ekilmeden kendini hesaba \u00e7ekmeyi\u201d unutmu\u015f, hi\u00e7 kimseye hesap verme gibi bir sorumluluk hissetmeyen kifayetsiz muhterislerin siyaset\u00e7i, b\u00fcrokrat, \u015fehir planc\u0131s\u0131, belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131, mimar, m\u00fcteahhit, vs. oldu\u011fu bir devrin imhac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u201c\u015eehrim!\u201d diye fery\u00e2d etmenin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne yaz\u0131k ki yok! Bu fery\u00e2da d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakan, ald\u0131r\u0131\u015f eden de yok. T\u0131pk\u0131 modern zamanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinde cadde ortas\u0131nda y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131p kalan-can \u00e7eki\u015fen bir insan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131-na ald\u0131rmayan, yan\u0131ndan duygusuzca, ruhsuzca gelip ge\u00e7enler gibi\u2026<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Tarihte \u201c\u015eehir nas\u0131l ihya edilir?\u201de kem\u00e2liyle cevap vermi\u015f bir iklimden, \u201c\u015fehir nas\u0131l imha edi-lir?\u201de cevap vermeye devam eden bir iklime ge\u00e7mek; imara, ihyaya, in\u015faya ve idrake ihanet-tir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yahya D\u00fczenli duzenliyahya@gmail.com Ecd\u00e2d\u0131m\u0131z, sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda fethedece\u011fi topraklarda \u015fehirlere, mesk\u00fbn mahal-lere, ormanlara, ekili arazilere, di\u011fer canl\u0131lara zarar verilmemesi ve bunlar\u0131n tahrip edil-memesi i\u00e7in ehemmiyet g\u00f6sterirdi. Bu konuda \u2018sava\u015f hukuku\u2019na dair bir\u00e7ok kl\u00e2sik me-tinde m\u00fceyyideler ve haddini a\u015fmamaya dair ikazlar, ihtarlar vard\u0131r. Bu m\u00e2n\u00e2da \u00e2limle-rin en me\u015fhurlar\u0131ndan birisi olan \u0130mam Ebu Yusuf Kitab-\u00fcl …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":48521,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,50,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-guncel","category-yahya","category-yazarlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3941"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3941\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}