{"id":19954,"date":"2017-05-15T01:22:03","date_gmt":"2017-05-14T22:22:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/dergi\/?p=19954"},"modified":"2024-02-22T23:16:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T20:16:24","slug":"imami-zemahseri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/imami-zemahseri\/","title":{"rendered":"iMAMI ZEMAH\u015eER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"imam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n

ZEMAH\u015eER\u00ce<\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u064a)<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fc\u2019l-K\u0101s\u0131m Mahm\u00fbd b. \u00d6mer b. Muhammed el-H\u00e2rizm\u00ee ez-Zemah\u015fer\u00ee<\/p>\n

(\u00f6. 538\/1144)<\/p>\n

el-Ke\u015f\u015f\u00e2f adl\u0131 tefsiri yan\u0131nda Arap dili ve edebiyat\u0131na dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc Mu\u2018tezile \u00e2limi.<\/p>\n

27 Receb 467 (18 Mart 1075) tarihinde H\u00e2rizm b\u00f6lgesinde T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019\u0131n Ta\u015favuz (Da\u015fo\u011fuz, Ta\u015fauz) ili K\u00f6ro\u011flu il\u00e7esindeki (\u0130lmamedov, XX\/2 [2011], s. 192) Zemah\u015fer\u2019de do\u011fdu. Mekke\u2019de K\u00e2be\u2019ye m\u00fcc\u00e2vir olarak bulundu\u011fundan \u201cC\u00e2rullah\u201d, mensup bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cFahr-i H\u00e2rizm\u201d lakaplar\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r. Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019yi genelde Fars k\u00f6kenli kabul edenlerin yan\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde H\u00e2rizm\u2019deki n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu T\u00fcrkler\u2019in olu\u015fturmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 kabul edenler de vard\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Zemah\u015fer\u00ee eserlerinin hemen tamam\u0131n\u0131 Arap\u00e7a kaleme alm\u0131\u015f, hatta eserleriyle bu dile hizmet etmeyi \u015feref saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (el-Mufa\u015b\u015bal, I, 17-19). \u015eiirlerindeki baz\u0131 ifadelerden onun dindar bir aileden geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sel\u00e7uklu Veziri M\u00fceyyid\u00fclm\u00fclk taraf\u0131ndan herhalde siyas\u00ee bir sebeple hapse at\u0131lan babas\u0131 ilim ve takv\u00e2 sahibi bir mahalle imam\u0131 idi ve muhtemelen hapiste iken vefat etmi\u015fti; dedesi de dindar bir ki\u015fiydi (Zemah\u015fer\u00ee, D\u00eev\u00e2n, s. 270-275). Kaynaklarda Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019nin bir baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n takma oldu\u011fu, bu y\u00fczden uzun elbise giydi\u011fi belirtilir. Onun topal kalmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebiyle ilgili olarak bir seyahat s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fiddetli so\u011fuktan aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n donmas\u0131, damdan veya binek hayvan\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u00e7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir ku\u015fun aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in annesinin bedduas\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 gibi olaylardan s\u00f6z edilir. \u0130bn Hallik\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n nakletti\u011fi bir rivayete g\u00f6re Zemah\u015fer\u00ee, insanlar\u0131n kesik baca\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle kendisi hakk\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye kap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe etti\u011finden aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetli so\u011fuktan donmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kesildi\u011fine dair bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin \u015fahitli\u011fini i\u00e7eren bir belge d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir (Vefey\u00e2t, V, 169).<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde H\u00e2rizm canl\u0131 bir ilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkeziydi. Buna ra\u011fmen Zemah\u015fer\u00ee gerek sakatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerekse ailesinin ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan terzilik mesle\u011fine verildi; fakat onun ilim tahsili hususundaki \u0131srar\u0131 \u00fczerine medreseye g\u00f6nderildi. Vefat\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar ilim tahsili ve ic\u00e2zet almak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarfetti. Gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren H\u00e2rizm, Buhara ve Ba\u011fdat gibi ilim merkezlerinde bir\u00e7ok \u00e2limin derslerine kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lm\u00ee \u015fahsiyetinin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay, lugat, nahiv, t\u0131p gibi alanlarda d\u00f6neminin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2limlerinden kabul edilen Mu\u2018tezile \u00e2limi Eb\u00fb Mudar Mahm\u00fbd b. Cer\u00eer ed-Dabb\u00ee el-\u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019ye aittir. H\u00e2rizm\u2019de Mu\u2018tezile mezhebinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen Dabb\u00ee, Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019yi yeti\u015ftirmesinin yan\u0131nda ona her t\u00fcrl\u00fc madd\u00ee ve m\u00e2nev\u00ee yard\u0131mda bulunup baz\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na vesile oldu. Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019nin Mu\u2018tezile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle irtibat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan iki hocas\u0131ndan daha s\u00f6z edilmektedir. Bunlar Zeyd\u00ee-Mu\u2018tezil\u00ee m\u00fcfessir, f\u0131k\u0131h ve kel\u00e2m \u00e2limi H\u00e2kim el-C\u00fc\u015fem\u00ee ile (\u0130br\u00e2him b. K\u0101s\u0131m, II, 892) kendisine kel\u00e2mda (usul) hocal\u0131k, tefsirde \u00f6\u011frencilik yapan, son d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli Mu\u2018tezile kel\u00e2mc\u0131s\u0131 kabul edilen R\u00fckneddin \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Mel\u00e2him\u00ee\u2019dir (Abd\u00fcssel\u00e2m b. Muhammed el-Enderesb\u00e2n\u00ee, s. 368; Ta\u015fk\u00f6priz\u00e2de, II, 100; ayr\u0131ca bk. Kolo\u011flu, s. 49). Zemah\u015fer\u00ee, Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan Ali b. Muzaffer en-N\u00ees\u00e2b\u00fbr\u00ee ve Eb\u00fb Nasr el-\u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019den edeb\u00ee ilimler, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hatt\u00e2b Nasr b. Ahmed \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Batir, Eb\u00fb Sa\u2018d e\u015f-\u015eekk\u0101n\u00ee ve Eb\u00fb Mans\u00fbr Nasr el-H\u00e2ris\u00ee\u2019den hadis, Eb\u00fb Abdullah ed-D\u00e2meg\u0101n\u00ee\u2019den hadis ve f\u0131k\u0131h dersleri ald\u0131. Mekke\u2019de Eb\u00fb Bekir Abdullah b. Talha el-Ya\u2018b\u00fcr\u00ee\u2019den S\u00eebeveyhi\u2019nin el-Kit\u00e2b\u2019\u0131n\u0131 okudu; Eb\u00fc\u2019s-Sa\u00e2d\u00e2t \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019\u015f-\u015eecer\u00ee\u2019den nahiv ve edebiyat tahsil etti.<\/p>\n

Talebe se\u00e7iminde ve ic\u00e2zet verme hususunda \u00e7ok titiz davranan Zemah\u015fer\u00ee H\u00e2rizm, Ba\u011fdat, Mekke gibi \u015fehirlerde bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011frenci yeti\u015ftirdi. Bakk\u0101l\u00ee, Ali b. Muhammed el-\u0130mr\u00e2n\u00ee el-H\u00e2rizm\u00ee, \u00c2mir b. Hasan es-Sims\u00e2r, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Meh\u00e2sin \u0130sm\u00e2il b. Abdullah et-Tav\u00eel\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Sa\u2018d Ahmed b. Mahm\u00fbd e\u015f-\u015e\u00e2\u015f\u00ee ve Muvaffak b. Ahmed el-Mekk\u00ee onun talebeleri aras\u0131nda zikredilebilir. Yak\u0131n dostu ve h\u00e2misi olan Mekke Em\u00eeri Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan Ali (Uley) b. \u00ces\u00e2 b. Vehh\u00e2s da Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019ye hem hocal\u0131k hem \u00f6\u011frencilik yapt\u0131 (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-K\u0131ft\u00ee, III, 268; Lane, s. 251). Zemah\u015fer\u00ee Eb\u00fb T\u00e2hir es-Silef\u00ee, Re\u015f\u00eed\u00fcddin el-Vatv\u00e2t, Eb\u00fb T\u00e2hir el-Hus\u00fb\u00ee ve Zeyneb bint \u015ei\u2018r\u00e2 gibi \u00e2limlere de ic\u00e2zet verdi. Hadis rivayet etti\u011fi bilinen Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019den \u0130bn \u015eehr\u00e2\u015f\u00fbb gibi baz\u0131 \u015ei\u00ee \u00e2limleri rivayette bulundu. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 Abd\u00fcssel\u00e2m b. Muhammed el-Enderesb\u00e2n\u00ee, Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019nin H\u00e2rizm\u2019de hadis ilmini ihya eden ilk ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu ve Irak\u2019tan hadis kitaplar\u0131 getirtip insanlar\u0131 bunlar\u0131 okumaya te\u015fvik etti\u011fini, bu sayede hadis ilminin b\u00f6lgede yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir (F\u00ee S\u00eereti\u2019z-Zema\u0127\u015fer\u00ee, s. 379). Zeheb\u00ee ve \u0130bn Hacer hadis rivayeti konusunda Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019yi \u201cs\u00e2lih\u201d olarak nitelendirmi\u015f, ancak insanlar\u0131 i\u2018tiz\u00e2l\u00ee fikirlere davet etti\u011fi i\u00e7in onun \u00f6zellikle el-Ke\u015f\u015f\u00e2f adl\u0131 tefsirine ihtiyatla yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdir (M\u00eez\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-i\u01fetid\u00e2l, IV, 78; Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00eez\u00e2n, VI, 4). Hi\u00e7 evlenmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan Zemah\u015fer\u00ee, Sel\u00e7uklu Veziri Niz\u00e2m\u00fclm\u00fclk\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fiirde de\u011fersiz ki\u015filerin y\u00fcksek makamlara ge\u00e7ti\u011finden \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunup kendisinin \u00fcst\u00fcn meziyetlerinden dolay\u0131 l\u00e2y\u0131k oldu\u011fu makama getirilmesini istedi. Fakat muhtemelen kendini \u00e7ok \u00f6vmesi ve Mu\u2018tezil\u00ee olmakla iftihar etmesi gibi sebeplerle bekledi\u011fi ilgiyi g\u00f6remedi. Bunun \u00fczerine H\u00e2rizm\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131p Horasan\u2019a gitti; baz\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve bir kasidesinde M\u00fcc\u00eer\u00fcddevle el-Erdist\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019yi methetti. Ard\u0131ndan \u0130sfahan\u2019a ge\u00e7ti; burada da Melik\u015fah\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Muhammed\u2019le yak\u0131n ili\u015fki kurup onu \u00f6ven \u015fiirler yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zemah\u015fer\u00ee 512 (1118) y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fiddetli bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yakaland\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir r\u00fcya \u00fczerine devlet adamlar\u0131na bir daha methiye yazmamaya, onlardan ihsan ve makam talep etmemeye karar verdi. Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015ftuktan sonra Mekke\u2019ye gitmek \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; Ba\u011fdat\u2019a u\u011fray\u0131p buradaki \u00e2limlerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, onlar\u0131n derslerine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Mekke\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Em\u00eer \u00ces\u00e2 b. Vehh\u00e2s taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Bu arada Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesini dola\u015ft\u0131. Seyahatleri esnas\u0131nda Arap kabileleriyle ilgilendi; Arap\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n incelikleri ve farkl\u0131 leh\u00e7eleri hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgi edindi. Mekke\u2019de iki y\u0131ll\u0131k ikametinin ard\u0131ndan H\u00e2rizm\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Burada H\u00e2rizm\u015fahlar H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Kutb\u00fcddin H\u00e2rizm\u015fah ile o\u011flu Ats\u0131z ona b\u00fcy\u00fck itibar g\u00f6sterdi. H\u00e2rizm\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden on y\u0131l kadar sonra tekrar Mekke\u2019ye hareket etti. D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019a u\u011fray\u0131p T\u00e2c\u00fclm\u00fcl\u00fbk B\u00f6ri b. Tu\u011ftegin ve o\u011flu \u015eems\u00fclm\u00fcl\u00fbk\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; onlar\u0131 B\u00e2t\u0131n\u00eeler\u2019e ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerinden dolay\u0131 \u00f6vd\u00fc. D\u0131ma\u015fk’ta<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ZEMAH\u015eER\u00ce (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u064a) Eb\u00fc\u2019l-K\u0101s\u0131m Mahm\u00fbd b. \u00d6mer b. Muhammed el-H\u00e2rizm\u00ee ez-Zemah\u015fer\u00ee (\u00f6. 538\/1144) el-Ke\u015f\u015f\u00e2f adl\u0131 tefsiri yan\u0131nda Arap dili ve edebiyat\u0131na dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc Mu\u2018tezile \u00e2limi. 27 Receb 467 (18 Mart 1075) tarihinde H\u00e2rizm b\u00f6lgesinde T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019\u0131n Ta\u015favuz (Da\u015fo\u011fuz, Ta\u015fauz) ili K\u00f6ro\u011flu il\u00e7esindeki (\u0130lmamedov, XX\/2 [2011], s. 192) Zemah\u015fer\u2019de do\u011fdu. Mekke\u2019de K\u00e2be\u2019ye m\u00fcc\u00e2vir olarak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":45747,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-egitim","category-guncel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19954"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19954\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}