{"id":19951,"date":"2017-05-29T01:56:09","date_gmt":"2017-05-28T22:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/dergi\/?p=19951"},"modified":"2024-02-22T23:16:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T20:16:24","slug":"imami-serahsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/imami-serahsi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130mami Serahsi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0130MAMI SERAHS\u0130 K\u0130MD\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinin me\u015fh\u00fbrlar\u0131ndan. Hanef\u00ee mezhebinde b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131k\u0131h \u00e2limidir. \u0130smi, Muhammed bin Ahmed bin Eb\u00ee Sehl Serahs\u00ee\u2019dir. K\u00fcnyesi Eb\u00fb Bekr, lakab\u0131 \u015eems-\u00fcl-eimme\u2019dir. T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da yeti\u015fen \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinden olup, 400 (m. 1010) senesinde Serahs\u2019da do\u011fdu. 483 (m. 1090)\u2019de vef\u00e2t etti. Serahs \u015fehrine izafeten Serahs\u00ee denildi. Serahs \u015fehri, T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019da Me\u015fhed ile Merv aras\u0131nda eski bir \u015fehir olup, bug\u00fcn \u0130ran-Rus s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerindedir.<br \/>\nEb\u00fb Bekr Serahs\u00ee, tahsilini Buh\u00e2r\u00e2\u2019da yapt\u0131. F\u0131k\u0131h ilmini, zaman\u0131n\u0131n en me\u015fh\u00fbr \u00e2limlerinden olan \u015eems-\u00fcl-eimme Eb\u00fb Muhammed Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez bin Ahmed Hulv\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019den \u00f6\u011frendi. Uzun y\u0131llar bu hocas\u0131n\u0131n derslerine devam edip, f\u0131k\u0131h ilminde \u00e7ok iyi yeti\u015fti. Bu z\u00e2ttan ba\u015fka, di\u011fer \u00e2limlerden de ders ald\u0131. Devletler hukuku hus\u00fbsunda \u00e2lim ve bu hus\u00fbsta \u0130mam-\u0131 Muhammed \u015eeyb\u00e2ni taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan eserlerde m\u00fctehass\u0131s olan Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasen Ali bin Muhammed bin H\u00fcseyn\u2019den ve Eb\u00fb Hafs \u00d6mer bin Mens\u00fbr el-Bezzar\u2019dan ders alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nSerahs\u00ee\u2019nin en ba\u015fta gelen hocas\u0131 \u015eems-\u00fcl-eimme Hulv\u00e2n\u00ee, Buh\u00e2r\u00e2\u2019da me\u015fh\u00fbr Hanef\u00ee mezhebi \u00e2limlerinden idi. \u0130lmiyle, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, talebe yeti\u015ftirmesi ile insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7ok hizmet eden bu hocas\u0131ndan sonra onun yerine ge\u00e7ti, ilimdeki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 Serahs\u00ee\u2019ye de \u015eems-\u00fcl-eimme (\u00e2limlerin, imamlar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fi) lakab\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Zaman\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fh\u00fbr \u00e2limlerinden olan Serahs\u00ee\u2019den de Burh\u00e2n-\u00fcl-eimme Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez bin \u00d6mer bin M\u00e2ze, Mahm\u00fbd bin Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez \u00f6zcend\u00ee, R\u00fckn\u00fcdd\u00een Mes\u2019\u00fbd bin Hasen, Osman bin Ali bin Muhammed Beykend\u00ee f\u0131k\u0131h ilmini \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir.<br \/>\nSerahs\u00ee hazretleri, kel\u00e2m ve m\u00fcn\u00e2zara ilminde de \u00e2lim olup, \u00e7ok ib\u00e2det eden z\u00e2hid bir z\u00e2t idi. \u00d6mr\u00fc hep ilim \u00f6\u011frenmek, \u00f6\u011fretmek ve d\u00eene hizmet etmekle ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu hus\u00fbsta \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara katlanm\u0131\u015f ve pek m\u00fckemmel eserler yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 \u015eeyh-\u00fcl-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131 Kem\u00e2l Pa\u015faz\u00e2de, Serahs\u00ee\u2019nin m\u00fcctehid fil-mezheb tabakas\u0131ndan (Mezhebde m\u00fcctehid) oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nSerahs\u00ee\u2019nin hay\u00e2t\u0131nda \u00f6nemli ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nem, on seneden fazla s\u00fcren hapislik hay\u00e2t\u0131d\u0131r. Zaman\u0131n hakan\u0131na nasihat kabilinden s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6zler sebebiyle hapse at\u0131ld\u0131. At\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hapish\u00e2nede bir kuyuya kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Uzun m\u00fcddet, hapsedildi\u011fi kuyuda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Zemininde oda gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yer bulunan kuyu i\u00e7inde, hapis iken de ilm\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yan\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir kitap yok idi. Fakat o, onikibin c\u00fcz kitab\u0131 ezberlemi\u015fti. Talebelerine, bu kuyuda iken ders verdi. Talebeleri kuyunun ba\u015f\u0131na toplan\u0131r, o da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan onlara ders verirdi. Otuz cildlik \u201cMebs\u00fbt\u201d adl\u0131 me\u015fh\u00fbr eserini, bu hapisli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kuyunun i\u00e7inden d\u0131\u015far\u0131da bulunan talebelerine s\u00f6ylemek s\u00fbretiyle yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131 yazd\u0131r\u0131rken hi\u00e7bir kayna\u011fa m\u00fcracaat etmemi\u015f, hep daha \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve ezberlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu bilgilere dayanarak yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nSerahs\u00ee hazretleri bir defas\u0131nda, hapis bulundu\u011fu kuyunun ba\u015f\u0131na gelen talebelerine ders verirken, o g\u00fcn talebelerinden birinin gelmedi\u011fini farkedip sorar, arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan biri; \u201cAbdest almaya gitti. Ben de gidecektim, hava so\u011fuk oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in abdest almaya gitmekten vaz ge\u00e7tim\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine Serahs\u00ee hazretleri \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cAllah\u00fc te\u00e2l\u00e2 seni affetsin. Bu kadar so\u011fuk sebebiyle abdest almaktan vazge\u00e7ilir mi? H\u00e2l\u00e2 hat\u0131r\u0131mdad\u0131r, ben Buh\u00e2r\u00e2\u2019da talebe iken, birg\u00fcn ishale tutulmu\u015f, ac\u0131 \u00e7ekiyordum. G\u00fcnde k\u0131rk defa kadar helaya gitmeye mecb\u00fbr kal\u0131yordum. Her defas\u0131nda abdesti tazelemek i\u00e7in \u0131rma\u011fa gidiyordum, \u00f6yle so\u011fuk idi ki, odama geldi\u011fimde m\u00fcrekkebi donmu\u015f buluyordum. Sonra m\u00fcrekkeb kab\u0131n\u0131 bir m\u00fcddet g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcme s\u00fcr\u00fcyordum ve g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcm\u00fcn harareti onu eritince, notlar\u0131m\u0131 yazmaya devam ediyordum\u201d buyurmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\nHapisli\u011finin son aylar\u0131nda, memleket i\u00e7 sava\u015flar ile kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tam bu s\u0131ralarda, \u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Muhammed \u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin devletler um\u00fbm\u00ee hukuku ile ilgili Siyer-i kebir adl\u0131 eserini \u015ferh etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu kitab\u0131, devletler hukuku sahas\u0131nda ilk yaz\u0131lan eserdir. 480 (m. 1087) senesi 20 Reb\u00ee\u2019\u00fcl-evvel\u2019de hapisten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Hapisten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan bir m\u00fcddet sonra Fergana\u2019ya gitti. Fergana Em\u00eeri, Em\u00eer Hasen kendisini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir memnuniyetle kab\u00fbl edip, izzet ve ikramda bulundu. Onu ve talebelerini kendi saray\u0131na al\u0131p, orada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Bundan sonrada daha \u00f6nce hapiste iken ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu eserleri ve di\u011fer eserlerini yazd\u0131rd\u0131, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 Fergana\u2019da ge\u00e7iren Serahs\u00ee hazretleri, orada da \u00e2limler ve halk taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevilmi\u015f, \u00f6nemli mes\u2019eleler i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaat kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\n<b><span style=\"color: blue;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Eserleri:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><br \/>\n1. Kit\u00e2b-\u00fcl-mebs\u00fbt: 30 ciltlik me\u015fh\u00fbr eseridir. 15 cild ve 10 cild h\u00e2linde iki ayr\u0131 bask\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r.<br \/>\nF\u0131k\u0131h ilmine d\u00e2irdir. All\u00e2me Tars\u00fbs\u00ee, \u201cSerahs\u00ee\u2019n\u00een Mebs\u00fbt\u2019u \u00f6yle bir kitabd\u0131r ki, onun muhalifi ile amel edilmez. Ancak ona g\u00fcvenilir ve onunla fetv\u00e2 verilir\u201d demi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n2. E\u015fr\u00e2t-\u00fcs-sa\u00e2t; bu eserini talebeli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda hocas\u0131 \u015eems-\u00fcl-eimme Hulv\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin k\u0131y\u00e2met al\u00e2metleri ile ilgili dersleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu notlardan yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n3. \u015eerhi Ziy\u00e2d\u00e2t-\u00fcz-ziy\u00e2d\u00e2t<br \/>\n4. \u015eerhi C\u00e2mi\u2019-\u00fcl-keb\u00eer<br \/>\n5. \u015eerhi C\u00e2mi\u2019-\u00fcs-sag\u00eer<br \/>\n6. \u015eerh-\u00fcl-muhtasar fil-f\u0131kh<br \/>\n7. \u015eerhi Siyer-i kebir; \u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Muhammed \u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin Siyer-i kebir ad\u0131ndaki me\u015fh\u00fbr eserine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015ferhidir.<br \/>\nBunu Antepli Muhammed Mun\u00eeb efendi T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye terc\u00fcme etmi\u015f ve 1241\u2019de bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, cih\u00e2da \u00e2it ince bilgileri ihtiv\u00e2 eden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitapt\u0131r.<br \/>\n8. Muhtasar-\u0131 Tah\u00e2v\u00ee \u015ferhi<br \/>\n9. \u015eerhi kit\u00e2b-\u00fcn-nafak\u00e2t<br \/>\n10. \u015eerhi Edeb-\u00fcl-k\u00e2d\u00ee<br \/>\n11. Fev\u00e2id-\u00fcl-f\u0131kh\u0131yye ve kit\u00e2b-\u00fcl-hayz \u015eems-\u00fcl-eimme Serahs\u00ee hazretleri buyurdu ki: Emr-i ma\u2019r\u00fbf (iyili\u011fi emretmek) mutlaka gereklidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fcnkerden (k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden) sak\u0131nmak, muhakkak l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Emr-i ma\u2019r\u00fbf da b\u00f6yledir. Birini terkedince (nehy-i m\u00fcnkeri), di\u011ferini (emr-i ma\u2019r\u00fbfu) terk etmek gerekmez.\u201d<!--[wpfcNOT]--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130MAMI SERAHS\u0130 K\u0130MD\u0130R? \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinin me\u015fh\u00fbrlar\u0131ndan. Hanef\u00ee mezhebinde b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131k\u0131h \u00e2limidir. \u0130smi, Muhammed bin Ahmed bin Eb\u00ee Sehl Serahs\u00ee\u2019dir. K\u00fcnyesi Eb\u00fb Bekr, lakab\u0131 \u015eems-\u00fcl-eimme\u2019dir. T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da yeti\u015fen \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinden olup, 400 (m. 1010) senesinde Serahs\u2019da do\u011fdu. 483 (m. 1090)\u2019de vef\u00e2t etti. Serahs \u015fehrine izafeten Serahs\u00ee denildi. Serahs \u015fehri, T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019da Me\u015fhed ile Merv aras\u0131nda eski bir \u015fehir &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":45746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19951","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-egitim","category-guncel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19951","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19951"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19951\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19951"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19951"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19951"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}