{"id":19940,"date":"2017-04-03T00:54:07","date_gmt":"2017-04-02T21:54:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/dergi\/?p=19940"},"modified":"2024-02-22T23:16:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T20:16:24","slug":"imami-tirmizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/imami-tirmizi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130MAMI T\u0130RM\u0130Z\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"entry-header\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.1000kitap.com\/k\/resimler\/yazarlar\/56586_tHZY6_1488169978.jpg\" alt=\"\u0130mam Tirmizi\" \/><\/header>\n<header class=\"entry-header\"><\/header>\n<header class=\"entry-header\"><strong>Tirmizi kimdir? hayat\u0131 ve eserleri: <\/strong><\/header>\n<header class=\"entry-header\"><\/header>\n<header class=\"entry-header\">B\u00fcy\u00fck hadis \u00e2limlerinden.\u00a0K\u00fct\u00fcb-i Sitte\u00a0denilen me\u015fhur alt\u0131 hadis kitab\u0131ndan olan\u00a0S\u00fcnen-i Tirmiz\u00ee\u00a0ad\u0131yla me\u015fhur hadis kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130smi, Muhammed bin \u00ces\u00e2 Tirmiz\u00ee, k\u00fcnyesi Eb\u00fb \u00ces\u00e2\u2019d\u0131r. 824 (H.209) senesinde, Buh\u00e2r\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde bulunan Ceyhun Nehri\u00a0k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Tirmiz kasabas\u0131nda do\u011fdu. 893 (H.279)te Bo\u011f \u015fehrinde, Receb ay\u0131n\u0131n on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fc Pazartesi gecesi vef\u00e2t etti. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00f6zleri g\u00f6rmez olmu\u015ftu.Hadis ilminde me\u015fhur ve sika, y\u00e2ni g\u00fcvenilir bir \u00e2lim oldu\u011fu ittif\u00e2kla bildirilmi\u015ftir. Bu ilmi \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in sey\u00e2hatler yapm\u0131\u015f, Hicaz, Irak, Horasan civarlar\u0131n\u0131 dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Kuteybe bin Sa\u00eed, Eb\u00fb Mus\u2019ab, Mahm\u00fbd bin Geylan, Muhammed bin Be\u015f\u015f\u00e2r, S\u00fcfy\u00e2n bin Vek\u00ee\u2019, Muhammed bin \u0130sm\u00e2il (\u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Buh\u00e2r\u00ee) ve M\u00fcslim bin H\u00e2lid (\u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 M\u00fcslim) gibi me\u015fhur \u00e2limlerden ilim \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, pek\u00e7ok say\u0131da hadis \u00e2liminden had\u00ees-i \u015fer\u00eef i\u015fitip, riv\u00e2yet etmi\u015ftir. Had\u00ees-i \u015fer\u00eef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e2limler say\u0131lamayacak kadar \u00e7oktur. Ayr\u0131ca evliy\u00e2n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden olanEb\u00fb T\u00fcr\u00e2b Nah\u015feb\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Abdullah Cel\u00e2\u2019 ve Ahmed bin Hadraveyh gibi z\u00e2tlar\u0131n sohbetinde bulunarak, tasavvuf ilminde yeti\u015fip y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. H\u00e2f\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc darb\u0131mesel h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Eb\u00fb Hamid Ahmed bin Abdullah, Heysem bin K\u00fcteyb \u015e\u00e2m\u00ee, Muhammed bin Mahb\u00fbb, Ahmed bin Y\u00fbsuf Nesef\u00ee, Es\u2019ad bin Hamdeveyh, D\u00e2v\u00fbd bin Nasr bin S\u00fcheyh el-Bezdev\u00ee, Abd\u2019\u00fcbn\u00fc Muhammed bin Mahm\u00fbd Nesef\u00ee, Mahm\u00fbd bin N\u00fceyr ve o\u011flu Muhammed bin Mahm\u00fbd, Muhammed bin Mekki bin Fevel (N\u00fbh), Eb\u00fb C\u00e2fer, Muhammed bin S\u00fcfy\u00e2n, Muhammed bin M\u00fcnzir gibi pek\u00e7ok \u00e2lime hocal\u0131k etmi\u015ftir.\u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Tirmiz\u00ee, had\u00eesten ba\u015fka, f\u0131k\u0131h ve tefsir ilminde de \u00fcst\u00fcn bir \u00e2limdir. Riv\u00e2yet etti\u011fi had\u00ees-i \u015fer\u00eeflerle Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 ker\u00eemin tefsiri hus\u00fbsunda m\u00fchim hizmetleri vard\u0131r.\u00c2limler, \u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019ye\u00a0<strong>H\u00e2kim\u00a0<\/strong>p\u00e2yesini vermi\u015flerdir. Bu isme l\u00e2y\u0131k oldu\u011funu ve daha \u00fcst\u00fcn meziyetlere s\u00e2hib bulundu\u011funu, yine onlar bildirmi\u015flerdir.Eserleri:<\/p>\n<p>\u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin bir\u00e7ok eseri vard\u0131r.\u00a0<strong>Kit\u00e2b-\u00fcl-Ilel, Kit\u00e2b-\u00fc\u015f-\u015eem\u00e2il, Kit\u00e2bu Esm\u00e2\u2019is-Sah\u00e2be, Kit\u00e2b-\u00fcl-Esm\u00e2\u2019 ve\u2019l-K\u00fcn\u00e2<\/strong>\u00a0ve en me\u015fhur kitab\u0131\u00a0<strong>Es-S\u00fcnen<\/strong>\u00a0diye an\u0131lan\u00a0<strong>El-C\u00e2mi<\/strong>\u2019i ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131d\u0131r. Hasen hadis mevz\u00fbunda ana kaynak olan\u00a0<strong>S\u00fcnen<\/strong>\u2019i d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Birinci k\u0131s\u0131mda sahih oldu\u011fu kat\u2019\u00ee olan hadisler; ikinci k\u0131s\u0131mda Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd ve Nes\u00e2\u00ee\u2019nin \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun hadisler; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131mda, illetini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hadisler; d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131mdaysa; \u201cBu kitaba ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m hadislerle b\u00e2z\u0131 fakihler amel etmi\u015flerdir.\u201d diyerek durumunu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hadisler yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Tirmiz\u00ee eseri i\u00e7in; \u201cBen bu kitab\u0131 yaz\u0131nca, Hicaz \u00e2limlerine arz eyledim. Hepsi be\u011fendiler. Irak \u00e2limlerine arz eyledim, onlar da be\u011fendiler. Horasan \u00e2limlerine arz eyledim. \u00c7ok g\u00fczel oldu dediler.\u201d buyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00f6nemli kitaplar\u0131ndan biri de,\u00a0<strong>\u015eem\u00e2il-i Neb\u00ee\u2019<\/strong>dir. Eser bu konuda yaz\u0131lan kitaplar\u0131n en g\u00fczellerindendir. Say\u0131lam\u0131yacak, anlat\u0131lamayacak kadar bereketli bir kitapt\u0131r. Okunmas\u0131; i\u015flerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, mur\u00e2d\u0131n h\u00e2s\u0131l olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Tirmiz\u00ee hazretleri buyurdu ki:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cAz\u00eez,\u00a0<\/strong>kendisini g\u00fcn\u00e2h\u0131n zel\u00eel k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131;\u00a0<strong>h\u00fcr,\u00a0<\/strong>kendisini tamah\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirmedi\u011fi;\u00a0<strong>hoca,<\/strong>kendisini \u015feytan\u0131n esir almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimsedir.\u00a0<strong>Zek\u00ee,\u00a0<\/strong>Allah\u00fc te\u00e2l\u00e2dan korkan ve nefsini bizzat hes\u00e2ba \u00e7ekendir. Hakk\u2019a giden yola d\u00fc\u015fen ve hak\u00eekati bilen kimsenin, g\u00fcn\u00e2hlara hi\u00e7 ihtir\u00e2s\u0131 kalmaz.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Bir sohbet toplant\u0131s\u0131nda; \u201cBize insan\u0131 t\u00e2rif eder misiniz?\u201d dediklerinde; \u201c\u0130nsanda d\u00e2im\u00ee bir zaaf h\u00e2li g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bununla ber\u00e2ber o, bir d\u00e2v\u00e2 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir iddi\u00e2 pe\u015findedir. Bu zay\u0131f h\u00e2liyle, bunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir ki? \u0130nsan dikkat etmeli. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her i\u015fe bakmal\u0131. Hayr\u0131n\u0131, \u015ferrini bilmelidir. Dikkat etmezse, yan\u0131labilir. Belki de, zarar\u0131na olan bir \u015feye bilmeden sevinir. B\u00fcy\u00fcklerin nazar\u0131nda onun bu i\u015fi, zor affedilen bir hat\u00e2d\u0131r.\u201d buyurmu\u015f, ayr\u0131ca; \u201cNamaz bir ziy\u00e2fettir. Allah\u00fc te\u00e2l\u00e2, kendine inananlara, m\u00fcminlere merhamet ederek, onlar\u0131 namaza d\u00e2vet eder. Namaz i\u00e7inde, \u00f6nlerine rahmet sofras\u0131n\u0131 yayar ve n\u00eemetlerini bol bol da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r. Sevdi\u011fi kullar\u0131n, bu n\u00eemetlere kavu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 diler\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHerkesin terbiye ve \u0131sl\u00e2h \u015fekli ba\u015fkad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n terbiye yeri mekteb, yol kesenlerinki zindan, kad\u0131nlar\u0131nki de evleridir.\u201d demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0KAYNAK: REHBER ANS\u0130KLOPED\u0130S\u0130, 19. C\u0130LT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Eb\u00fb \u0130s\u00e2, Muhammed b. \u0130s\u00e2 b. Sevre es-S\u00fclem\u00ee et-Tirmizi, M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fc\u2019n-Nehir\u2019de (Iirmiz) denilen beldede (209) t\u00e2rihinde do\u011fmu\u015f pek me\u015fhur b\u00eer muhaddistir. Bu z\u00e2t da sair b\u00fcy\u00fck muhaddisler gibi sey\u00e2hatlarda bulunmu\u015f, bilhassa Hicaz\u2019a gitmi\u015f, Irak, Horasan havalisini gezib ola\u015fm\u0131\u015f, muhalled eserlerini \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2lemine berg\u00fcz\u00e2r b\u0131rakt\u0131ktan sonra(279) t\u00e2rihinde Tirmiz\u2019de vefat etmi\u015ftir. Rahmetu\u2019ll\u00e2hi aleyh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Me\u015f\u00e2yihi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee, asr\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek muhaddislerine, \u00e2limlerine m\u00fcl\u00e2k\u00ee olmu\u015f, ba\u00adhusus Kuteybe b. Sa\u00eed, Eb\u00fb Mus\u2019ab, Mahm\u00fbd b. Gayl\u00e2n, Muhammed b. Be\u015f\u015f\u00e2r, S\u00fcfy\u00e2n \u0130bn-i Vek\u00ee\u2019, Muhammed b. \u0130sm\u00e2il el-Buh\u00e2r\u00ee gibi ek\u00e2birden had\u00ees ahzetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Kendisinden de Muhammed b. Ahmed el-Mahb\u00fbb\u00ee, Mekb\u00fbl b. el-Fazl, Hamm\u00e2d b. \u015e\u00e2k\u00eer gibi zevat rivayette bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tefsir Ve Had\u00ees \u0130lmindeki Mevkii:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Tirmiz\u00ee kudretli ve em\u00een muhaddislerden oldu\u011fu cihetle rivayet etti\u011fi ah\u00e2d\u00ees-i \u015ferife ile Kel\u00e2mu\u2019llah\u2019\u0131n tefsirine pek b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetlerde bu\u00adlunmu\u015ftur. En sah\u00eeh esb\u00e2b-\u0131 n\u00fczul\u00fc bildirmek, gar\u00eeb\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n denilen b\u00e2z\u0131 elf\u00e2z-\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2niyyeyi en g\u00fczel bir ve\u00e7hile \u015ferh etmek, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 M\u00fcbin\u2019deki b\u00e2z\u0131 k\u0131ssalar hakk\u0131nda en do\u011fru ma\u2019l\u00fbm\u00e2t\u0131 muhtevi bulunmak i\u2019tib\u00e2riyle \u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019nin ve Tirmiz\u00ee ile H\u00e2kim\u2019in Tefsirleri birincili\u011fi ihraz etmek\u00adte ve muhaddisler aras\u0131nda \u201cEsahh\u00fc\u2019t-Tef\u00e2s\u00eer\u201d say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 bir m\u00fc\u00adfessir, bu \u00fc\u00e7 z\u00e2t\u0131n Tefsirlerinden m\u00fcsta\u011fni olamaz.\u00a0\u00a0 .<\/p>\n<p>Muhammed b. \u0130sh\u00e2k, V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, Kelb\u00ee gibi m\u00fcfessir ve m\u00fcverrihlerin bu k\u0131ssalara d\u00e2ir kendi kitablar\u0131nda vermi\u015f olduklar\u0131 tafsil\u00e2t\u0131n ekserisi, muhaddisler aras\u0131nda gayr-i sah\u00eeh g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte, isn\u00e2dlar\u0131nda nazar bulunmakta\u00add\u0131r. Bu tafsil\u00e2t g\u00fczelce ta\u2019m\u00eek edilirse bunlar\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcb-i s\u00e2lifeden, ehl-i kit\u00e2bdan menkul oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bin\u00e2enaleyh m\u00fctefekkir, m\u00fcnekkid m\u00fcfessirler, bu gibi menkul\u00e2ta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131ymet vermemektedirler. Bu hus\u00fbs\u00e2t\u0131, mal\u00fb\u00admat\u0131 \u015fur\u00fbt-\u0131 tefsirden saymak do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Had\u00ees ilmine gelince : Tirmiz\u00ee bu hususta da y\u00fcksek bir mertebeyi h\u00e2iz\u00addir. H\u0131fz\u0131 hususunda kendisiyle mesel darb olunurdu.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e2kim diyor ki : Ben \u00d6mer b. Alekk\u2019in \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fini i\u015fittim:\u201dBuh\u00e2r\u00ee \u00c2hiret\u2019e gitti; Horasan\u2019da ilim, h\u0131fz, z\u00fchd \u00fc takva cihetiyle Eb\u00fb \u0130s\u00e2 gibi ba\u015f\u00adka bir halef b\u0131rakmad\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee, hadis\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi f\u0131k\u0131h ilminde de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kudret sahibi idi. Ha\u015fyetu\u2019llah ile a\u011flaya, a\u011flaya son g\u00fcnlerinde iki sene kadar a\u2019m\u00e2 kal\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Rivayet etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ah\u00e2d\u00ees-i \u015ferife\u2019den \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc teberr\u00fcken kaydediyoruz:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1-<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Bizim gencimize mer\u00adhamet, ihtiyar\u0131m\u0131za h\u00fcrmet etmiyen bizden de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>2-<\/strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>Taam\u0131n bereketi taamdan evvel ve sonra elleri y\u0131kamaklad\u0131r\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>3-<\/strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>Karde\u015fine, z\u00e2lim olsa da, mazlum olsa da yard\u0131m et. Ona, z\u00e2lim oldu\u011fu halde nas\u0131l yard\u0131m edebilirim? denildi. Buyurdu ki : An\u0131 zul\u00fcmden men\u2019edersin,\u00a0 i\u015fte bu, ona yard\u0131md\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcellef\u00e2t\u0131 : Matb\u00fb\u2019dur. K\u00fct\u00fcb-i Sitte\u2019nin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu kitabda mezahib ve istidlal vecihleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f, hadislerin sah\u00eeh, hasen, gar\u00eebine i\u015faret olunmu\u015f, r\u00e2v\u00eelerin cerh ve ta\u2019d\u00eeli cihetine gidilmi\u015f, \u00e2hirine bir\u00ad\u00e7ok faideli meb\u00e2hisi muhtevi olan il\u00e2ve edilmi\u015ftir. Esasen bu m\u00fcbarek kitab \u015fu d\u00f6rt k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r :<\/p>\n<p><strong>1-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u0131hhatine kat\u2019iyyen h\u00fckmedilen hadisleri h\u00e2vidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2-<\/strong>\u00a0Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd ile Nesei\u2019nin \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun hadislerden ibarettir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3-<\/strong>\u00a0Kendilerinden men\u2019 ve tahz\u00eer i\u00e7in ihr\u00e2c edilmi\u015f olan gayr-i sabit hadislerdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4-<\/strong>\u00a0Kendisince kat\u2019iyyetle sabit de\u011filse de b\u00e2z\u0131 fukah\u00e2ca ma\u2019m\u00fbl\u00fcnbih oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan hadislerdir,<\/p>\n<p><strong>Me\u2019hazlar:<\/strong>\u00a0Tezkiret\u00fc\u2019l-Huff\u00e2z, Tefs\u00eer\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n bi-Kel\u00e2mi\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u00a0 Mu\u00adkaddimesi, C\u00e2mi\u00fc\u2019s-Sa\u011f\u00eer,\u00a0 Mevz\u00fb\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-Ul\u00fbm,\u00a0 El-A\u2019l\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>KAYNAK: \u00d6mer Nasuhi Bilmen, B\u00fcy\u00fck Tefsir Tarihi (Tabakat\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fcfessirin), Bilmen Yay\u0131nevi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tirmiz\u00ee, C\u00e2miu\u2019s-Sahih (Veya Sadece Es-S\u00fc\u00adnen)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00abAlt\u0131, sahih hadis\u00a0\u00a0 toplayan\u00bb eserlerden\u00a0\u00a0 birisinin sahibi olan m\u00fcellif Ebu \u0130sa Muhammed b. \u0130s\u00e2 b. Sevre b. Musa b. Dahh\u00e2k Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin do\u011fum yeri ve tarihi \u00fczerinde farkl\u0131 bilgiler verilmektedir. Dr. Z\u00fcbeyr S\u0131d-dik\u00ee onun 206\/821 senesinde Mekke\u2019de do\u011fdu\u011funu be\u00adlirtirken\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: small\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><sup>[387]<\/sup><\/span>Dr. Ko\u00e7yi\u011fit; 209 senesinde Tirmiz\u2019de do\u011fdu\u011funa i\u015faret eder\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: small\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><sup>[388]<\/sup><\/span>Dr. Nurettin \u0130tr ise, Tir-miz\u00ee\u2019ye ve eserme ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131nda; onun g\u00f6r\u00fcr veya a\u2019m\u00e2 olarak do\u011fup do\u011fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, do\u00ad\u011fum yerine temas etmez.<span style=\"font-size: small\"><sup>\u00a0<\/sup><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/span>[389]\n<p>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015f\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iptida\u00ee bilgilerden sonra, he\u00admen hadis \u00f6\u011frenimine ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130mam Muhammed b. \u0130smail Buhari\u2019nin \u00f6\u011frencilerindendir. Hocalar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u00adda, Kuteybe b. Sa\u00eed, \u00eeshak b. Musa, Muhammed b. Gayl\u00e2n, Sa\u2019id b. Abdurrahman, Muhammed b. Be\u015f\u015f\u00e2r, Ali b. Hucr, Ahmed b. Meni\u2019, Muhammed b. M\u00fcsenn\u00e2, S\u00fcfy\u00e2n b. Veki\u2019 en me\u015fhurlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin eseri, cami\u2019 t\u00fcr\u00fcnde bir kitap oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in el-C\u00e2mm\u2019s-sahih ad\u0131yla da an\u0131l\u0131rsa da, ona daha \u00e7ok, S\u00fcnen- Tirmiz\u00ee denilmektedir. Eser f\u0131k\u0131h konula\u00adr\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hasen hadisin tan\u0131nmas\u0131nda Tirmiz\u00ee ve kitab\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve kaynak olmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer imamlardan farkl\u0131 olarak Tirmiz\u00ee, bahse konu hadis hakk\u0131nda bir de\u011ferlendirme yapar, bazan da kendi devri veya ona yak\u0131n zamanlardaki uygulamalara tel-amel) i\u015faret eder. Tirmiz kelimesi \u00fc\u00e7 hareke ile de okunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mam\u0131m\u0131z 279\/892 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tirmiz\u2019de \u00f6teki \u00e2leme g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00fcnen birka\u00e7 kere M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ve Hindistan\u2019da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fczerine \u015ferhler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve onlar da tabedilmi\u015f-tir. De\u011fi\u015fik f\u0131kh\u0131 mezheplere menst\u0131p \u00e2limler, mezhep fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeden onun eserinden faydalanmaktad\u0131r\u00adlar. Abd\u00fclaziz Dehlev\u00ee, eserinin \u00f6zelliklerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131\u00adralar: \u00abTertibi \u00e7ok g\u00fczeldir ve eserde tekrar yoktur. Fakihleri\u0131\u0131 mezhep ve kanaatlerini f\u0131rsat bulduk\u00e7a be\u00adyan eder. Onlar\u0131n konu ile ilgili istidlal yollar\u0131n\u0131 belir\u00adtir. Hadislerin cinsini ve \u00f6zellikle varsa illetini a\u00e7\u0131klar. Hadis r\u00e2vi\u00eeerinin k\u00fcnye ve lakablarm\u0131 verir. Ricale ait k\u0131ymetli a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunur.\u00bb, \u00abAllah\u2019\u0131n rahmeti \u00fczerine olsun, Tirmiz\u00ee \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: Ben bu C\u00e2mi-i Kebir\u2019i yaz\u0131p bitirince, onu ilkin Hicaz \u00e2limle\u00adrine g\u00f6sterdim. Hepsi de be\u011fendiler. Daha sonra eseri al\u0131p Irak \u00e2limlerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Onlar da a\u011f\u0131z birli\u00ad\u011fiyle eseri \u00f6\u011fd\u00fcler. Nihayet Horasan diyar\u0131 \u00e2limleriT ne takdim ettim. Onlar da memnun oldular, bil\u00e2hare eseri ilim \u00e2lemine sundum. Bu eser kimin evinde bulu\u00adnursa, orada konu\u015fan bir Peygamber vard\u0131r\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak: Hadis \u0130limleri ve Hadis Tarihi, Ali Osman Ko\u00e7kuzu, Dergah Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u0130RM\u0130Z\u00ce VE S\u00dcNEN\u2019\u0130:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n sekiz b\u00fcy\u00fck hadis bilgininden birisi. Tam ad\u0131, Ebu \u0130sa Muhammed bin \u0130sa bin Sevre bin Musa bir Dahhak el-Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019dir. K\u00fct\u00fcb-i sitte olarak an\u0131lan en g\u00fcvenilir alt\u0131 hadis derlemesinden birinin sahibidir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ku\u015fak (etbau etbau\u2019t-tabiin), i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Hadis ilminde en y\u00fcksek dereceye ula\u015fanlara \u00f6zg\u00fc olan \u201cHaf\u0131z\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131na sahip ender ki\u015filerdendir.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin do\u011fum yeri ve y\u0131l\u0131 konusunda farkl\u0131 rivayetler vard\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re Tirmiz ya da Mekke\u2019de 200 (815), 206 (821) veya 209 (824) y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu; Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019de 270 (883), 275 (888) ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle 279 (892) y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6r olarak do\u011fan ya da sonradan g\u00f6zlerini yitiren Tirmiz\u00ee, ilk \u00f6\u011freniminden sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 hadis ilmi \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Hadis derlemek amac\u0131yla Horasan, Irak ve Hicaz\u2019da geziler yapt\u0131. Ba\u015fta Buhar\u00ee, M\u00fcslim ve Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok bilginden hadis ald\u0131. Kendisinden de Heysem bin Kulab el-\u015eas\u00ee, Mekhul bin el-Fald, Muhammed bin Mahbub el-Mahbub\u00ee el-Mervezi gibi bilginler hadis rivayet ettiler.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee Kitabu\u2019l-\u0130lel, Kitabu\u2019\u015f-\u015eemail, Kitabu Esmai\u2019s-Sahabe, Kitabu\u2019l-Esma ve\u2019l-K\u00fcna gibi eserler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015fsa da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc es-S\u00fcnen de denilen el-Camiu\u2019s-Sahih adl\u0131 eseriyle kazand\u0131. Tirmiz\u00ee, c\u00e2mi\u2019 t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki bu eserde yaln\u0131z hadisleri derlemekle kalmam\u0131\u015f, her hadisten sonra \u201cEbu \u0130sa der ki\u201d diyerek hadise ili\u015fkin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f, de\u011ferlendirmeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hadisleri \u0130slam hukukunun konular\u0131na uygun bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131flamas\u0131 ve tekrarlardan sak\u0131nmas\u0131, eserine yararlanma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Hadis bilginlerine g\u00f6re es-S\u00fcnen\u2019in di\u011fer hadis derlemelerine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flayan ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r: Hadislerin g\u00fcvenilirlik derecelerini belirtmesi, ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaaflara dikkat \u00e7ekmesi, ravilere ili\u015fkin bilgi vermesi, hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n hadislerden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara de\u011finmesi ve mezheplerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yer vermesi.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmizi eseri hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBen bu Cami-i Kebir\u2019i yaz\u0131p bitirince, onu ilkin Hicaz alimlerine g\u00f6sterdim. Hepsi de be\u011fendiler. Daha sonra al\u0131p Irak alimlerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Onlar da a\u011f\u0131z birli\u011fiyle eseri \u00f6vd\u00fcler. Nihayet Horasan diyar\u0131 alimlerine takdim ettim. Onlar da memnun oldular, bilahare eseri ilim alemine sundum. Bu eser kimin evinde bulunursa, orada konu\u015fan bir Peygamber vard\u0131r\u201d<sup><sup><span style=\"font-size: xx-small\">[1]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><sup><span style=\"font-size: small\">[361]<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>End\u00fcl\u00fcs bilginlerinden birisi, Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin eserinin \u00f6zelliklerini ve de\u011ferini, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fiirle \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin kitab\u0131 bir ilim bah\u00e7esidir. \u00c7i\u00e7ekleri adeta g\u00f6kteki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aksettiriyor. O eser sayesinde hadisler vuzuha kavu\u015fur. G\u00fczel laf\u0131zlara meydana konulmu\u015f, adeta resim gibi yerli yerince tanzim edilmi\u015ftir. \u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHadislerin en y\u00fcksek nevi sahihlerdir. Onlar nurlu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar halinde, her yan\u0131 ayd\u0131nlat\u0131rlar. Hadislerin sahihini hasenleri takip eder. Sonra garibler gelir. Hadislerin sahihi sakiminden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tirmiz\u00ee onlar\u0131 tek, tek i\u015faretleriyle ilim erbab\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hadisleri, sahih eserler halinde s\u0131raya dizmi\u015f, onlar\u0131 ciddi ak\u0131l sahipleri de be\u011fenip se\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. Onu be\u011fenenler; fakihlerin ve bilginlerin en \u00f6nde gelenleri fazilet erbab\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011fru yola gidenlerin en \u00fcst\u00fcnleridir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin kitab\u0131 b\u00f6ylece enfes bir eser; ilim erbab\u0131n\u0131n takdir etti\u011fi, okuyup konu\u015ftu\u011fu bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmu\u015ftur. Onlar, ruhlar\u0131na en y\u00fcksek fayday\u0131 bah\u015feden en k\u0131ymetli bilgileri, Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin kitab\u0131ndan iltibas etmi\u015flerdir\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOndan, biz de hadisler yazd\u0131k; eseri biz de rivayet ettik. Bu i\u015fi, cennet \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n suyundan kana kana i\u00e7mek niyetiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, mana denizine dald\u0131. Oradan en do\u011fru manalara ula\u015ft\u0131. Rahman olan Allah, Ebu \u0130sa et-Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019yi bu \u015ferefli i\u015finden dolay\u0131 hay\u0131r \u00fcst\u00fcne hay\u0131r vererek m\u00fck\u00e2fatland\u0131rs\u0131n\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee, Orta Asya \u015fehirlerinden Termiz, T\u00fcrmiz, \u015feklinde de telaffuz edilen Tirmiz \u015fehrine nisbettir. Bu nisbeti ta\u015f\u0131yan me\u015fhur ba\u015fka had\u00ees\u00e7iler de var ise de \u00f6ncelikle K\u00fct\u00fcb-i Sitte m\u00fcelliflerinden Ebu \u00ces\u00e2 Muhammed \u0130bnu \u0130s\u00e2 \u0130bni\u2019d-Dahh\u00e2k bu nisbetle an\u0131l\u0131r. Ebu \u0130s\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n me\u015fhur eseri el-C\u00e2mi\u2019u\u2019s-Sah\u00eeh\u2019i de bu nisbetle y\u00e2dedilir.<\/p>\n<p>Muhammed \u0130bnu \u0130sa et-Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin k\u00fcnyesi Ebu \u00ces\u00e2\u2019d\u0131r. Kitab\u0131nda, kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc sunarken K\u00e2le Ebu \u00ces\u00e2 diyerek, k\u00fcnyesini zikreder.<\/p>\n<p>Ebu \u00ces\u00e2 209\/824-279\/892 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lim talebi i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ok beldeler dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Horasanl\u0131lardan, Irakl\u0131lardan, Hic\u00e2zl\u0131lardan\u2026 had\u00ees alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026 Kuteybe \u0130bnu Sa\u2019d, Ebu Musab, \u0130brahim \u0130bnu Abdullah el-Herev\u00ee, \u0130smail \u0130bnu M\u00fbsa es-S\u00fcdd\u00ee, S\u00fcveyd \u0130bnu Nasr, Ali \u0130bnu Hacer, Muhammed \u0130bnu Abdillah gibi pek \u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131 dinlemi\u015ftir. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee ve M\u00fcslim m\u00fchim hocalar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Had\u00ees tahsilini esas itibariyle Buh\u00e2ra\u2019da yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kendisinden ba\u015fta Buh\u00e2r\u00ee olmak \u00fczere Mekh\u00fbl \u0130bnu Fadl, Muhammed \u0130bni M\u00e2hm\u00fbd \u0130bnu Anber, Hamm\u00e2d \u0130bnu \u015e\u00e2kir, Ebu H\u00e2mid Ahmed \u0130bnu Abdillah el-Merzevi, el-Heysem \u0130bnu K\u00fcleyb e\u015f-\u015e\u00e2m\u00ee, Muhammed \u0130bnu M\u00e2hb\u00fbb\u2026 gibi bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 rivayette bulunmu\u015ftur. \u0130bnu Hacer\u2019in Tehz\u00eeb\u00fc\u2019t-Tehz\u00eeb\u2019de kaydetti\u011fi bir rivayete g\u00f6re, Buhar\u00ee, Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019ye: \u201cBenim senden istif\u00e2dem, senin benden istif\u00e2denden fazlad\u0131r\u201d demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Alimler sikal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve im\u00e2meti hususunda ittifak eder. S\u00e2dece \u0130bnu Hazm, Tirmizi i\u00e7in \u201cme\u00e7h\u00fbl\u201d demi\u015ftir. Ancak, \u0130bnu Hazm\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fka baz\u0131 me\u015fhur h\u00e2f\u0131zlar\u0131 da \u201cme\u00e7h\u00fbl\u201d olmakla ittiham etti\u011fi i\u00e7in nazar-\u0131 itibara al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim Ebu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m el-Beg\u00e2v\u00ee, \u0130sm\u00e2il \u0130bnu Muhammed es-Saff\u00e2r, Ebu\u2019l-Abb\u00e2s el-Asam vs. de \u0130bnu Hazm taraf\u0131ndan me\u00e7h\u00fbl addedilmi\u015ftir. \u0130bnu Hibb\u00e2n: Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019yi \u201c\u0130lmi cem eden, te\u2019lif eden ve m\u00fcz\u00e2kere edenlerden\u201d biri olarak tavs\u00eef eder.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee, b\u00e2z\u0131lar\u0131nca Hanbeli, baz\u0131lar\u0131nca \u015eafi\u00ee vs. mezheplere nisbet edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, ash\u00e2bu\u2019l-had\u00ees\u2019ten oldu\u011fu, s\u00fcnnete uyup, do\u011frudan s\u00fcnnetle amel etti\u011fi, herhangi bir mezhebi taklid etmeyen m\u00fcstakil bir m\u00fcctehid oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc r\u00e2cihtir. Sah\u00eeh\u2019inde s\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7en ash\u00e2bun\u00e2 (arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z) tabiriyle ehl-i had\u00ees\u2019i (M\u00e2lik \u0130bnu Enes, \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, Ahmed \u0130bnu Hanbel, \u0130shak \u0130bnu R\u00e2huye, vs.) kasteddi\u011fi, tahlil sonunda anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee, ed-Dar\u00eer, y\u00e2ni \u00e2m\u00e2 unvan\u0131n\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, onun do\u011fu\u015ftan \u00e2m\u00e2 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fse de esas olan, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru g\u00f6zlerini kaybetmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Haf\u0131zas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmizi, m\u00fcstakilen \u00fczerinde durulacak kadar m\u00fcstesna bir h\u00e2f\u0131zaya sahiptir. Ebu Sa\u2019d el-\u0130dris\u00ee: \u201cEbu \u0130sa et-Tirmiz\u00ee, darb-\u0131 mesel olan bir h\u00e2f\u0131zaya sahipti\u201d der. Had\u00eesleri, bir defa dinleyince oldu\u011fu gibi ezberledi\u011fi belirtilir. Ter\u00e2cim kitaplar\u0131nda, onun h\u00e2f\u0131za g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc belirten \u015fu menk\u0131be kaydedilir: Tirmiz\u00ee anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBen Mekke yolunda idim ve daha \u00f6nce bir \u015feyhe \u00e2it iki c\u00fcz istins\u00e2h etmi\u015ftim. Mezk\u00fbr \u015feyh k\u00e2filemize u\u011frad\u0131. Kendisini sordum, falanca diye g\u00f6sterdiler. Yan\u0131na gittim. Yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum c\u00fczlerin ber\u00e2berimde old\u00fb\u011funu zannediyordum. \u015eeyh\u2019e \u00e2it oldu\u011funu zanneti\u011fim bu c\u00fczleri heybeme koyarak yan\u0131na vard\u0131m. Kendisiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irerek riv\u00e2yeti i\u00e7in ic\u00e2zet talep ettim. \u201cVer bakal\u0131m\u201d dedi. Verdi\u011fim zaman adamca\u011f\u0131z bir de ne g\u00f6rs\u00fcn, uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m c\u00fczler bey\u00e2z (defterdi, yaz\u0131 filan yoktu). \u015eeyh \u00f6fkelendi ve \u201cBenden utanm\u0131yor musun?\u201d dedi. Niyetimin hafiflik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, araya bir aldanma, yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k girdi\u011fini anlatt\u0131m ve: \u201cM\u00e2mafih bu c\u00fczlerin muhtev\u00e2s\u0131 tam\u00e2m\u0131yla ezberimde\u201d dedim. \u201cOku\u201d dedi. Onun okudu\u011funu ard arda tam\u00e2men okudum. Beni tasd\u00eek etmeyip: \u201cYan\u0131ma gelmezden \u00f6nce bunu ezbere okuyarak haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 gelmi\u015f olabilirsin\u201d dedi. Ben de: \u201c\u00d6yleyse ba\u015fka \u015feyler tahd\u00ees et\u201d dedim. Bunun \u00fczerine benim i\u00e7in, gar\u00eeb had\u00eeslerinden k\u0131rk kadar had\u00ees okudu. Sonra \u201cHaydi oku\u201d dedi. Ben de ba\u015ftan sona kadar hepsini kendi okudu\u011fu gibi okudum, tek harfte bile hat\u00e2 yapmad\u0131m. Bunun \u00fczerine: \u201c(H\u00e2f\u0131zas\u0131) senin gibi olan\u0131 g\u00f6rmedim\u201d dedi.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin hayat\u0131ndan bahseden m\u00fcellifler, dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da teb\u00e2r\u00fcz ettirirler. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru g\u00f6zlerini kaybetmesi de, \u00e2hiret korkusuyla a\u011flamaktan ileri geldi\u011fi belirtilir. Zeheb\u00ee, \u015fu ib\u00e2reye yer verir: \u201cBuh\u00e2r\u00ee \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman, Horasan\u2019da, ilim, h\u0131fz, ver\u00e2 ve z\u00fchd y\u00f6nleriyle Tirmiz\u00ee denginde bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Had\u00ees \u0130lmine Hizmeti:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee, s\u00e2dece riv\u00e2yetleri cemedip eser te\u2019lif etmekle hizmet etmemi\u015f, had\u00ees ilminin geli\u015fmesine de katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Kendisine kadar had\u00eesler iki dereceye ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu: 1- Sah\u00eeh, 2- Zay\u0131f. Tirmiz\u00ee \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir k\u0131s\u0131m il\u00e2ve etti: Hasen. Her ne kadar, baz\u0131 tahk\u00eekler, hasen t\u00e2birinin Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019den \u00f6nce de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015f ise de, bu t\u00e2biri \u0131srarla ve \u00e7ok\u00e7a kullanarak muhaddisler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131p benimsenmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece, kendisinden sonra, had\u00eeslerin \u00fc\u00e7 mertebede m\u00fct\u00e2laa edilmesi gelenek h\u00e2lini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee, s\u00e2dece hasen t\u00e2birini kullanmakla yetinmeyip, buna ba\u015fka kelimeler de ekleyerek yeni m\u00fcrekkep t\u00e2birler ortaya koydu: \u201cHasenun garibun\u201d, \u201chasenun sah\u00eehun\u201d gibi.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, Tirmizi, hasen ve garib t\u00e2birlerine t\u00e2rifler getirdi. Kendinden sonra gelen muhaddisler, Tirmiz\u00ee gibi bir otoritenin bu tab\u00eer ve t\u00e2riflerini nazar-\u0131 dikkate ald\u0131, gereken ehemmiyeti verdi. Tirmiz\u00ee b\u00f6ylece \u0131st\u0131lahlara getirdi\u011fi tar\u00eefle usul-i had\u00ees ilminin geli\u015fmesine hizmet etmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Keza, Kit\u00e2bu\u2019l-\u0130lel\u2019de yer verdi\u011fi r\u00e2vilerin tabakalar\u0131, ve cerh-t\u00e2dille ilgili bahisler de ul\u00fbmu\u2019l-had\u00ees \u00fczerine olan en eski sistematik meseleleri te\u015fk\u00eel eder. \u0130bnu Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim\u2019in (v. 327\/938) daha da geli\u015ftirece\u011fi rical taksimat\u0131nda\u00a0 bu bahisler \u00e7ekirdek hizmetini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin riv\u00e2yet metodu da, kendinden sonra te\u2019lif edilen eserlere tes\u00eer etmi\u015ftir. Bu hususu, D\u00e2rakutn\u00ee\u2019nin S\u00fcnen\u2019inde, M\u00fcnzir\u00ee\u2019nin et-Ter\u011f\u00eeb ve\u2019t-Terh\u00eeb\u2019inde daha b\u00e2riz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Zira onlar da Tirmiz\u00ee gibi hadislerin s\u0131hhat durumunu belirtmeye \u00f6nem verirler.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin b\u00e2z\u0131 teliflerde de \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sah\u00e2belerin hayat\u0131na m\u00fcstakil olarak tahsis edilen ilk eserin, b\u00e2z\u0131 \u00e2limler, Tirmiz\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir: Kit\u00e2bu Esm\u00e2-i\u2019s-Sah\u00e2b\u00ee, Keza \u015eem\u00e2il\u2019i, bu dalda yaz\u0131lan ilk m\u00fcstakil ve m\u00fckemmel eserdir. Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin bu eseri pek \u00e7ok te\u2019liflere \u00f6rnek olmaktan ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok \u015ferhlere de mazhar olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Eserleri meyan\u0131nda el-\u0130lel\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00fcbr\u00e2\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 da belirtmek gerek. Bu Sah\u00eeh\u2019inin sonundaki ilel de\u011fildir. Bir\u00e7ok m\u00fcellif bundan kitaplar\u0131na iktibaslarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Muahhar m\u00fcellifler bunun kayboldu\u011funu, k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131n bilinmedi\u011fini kaydederler ise de Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131 M\u00fczesi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde \u015eerhu \u0130lelu\u2019t-Tirmiz\u00ee ad\u0131yla rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z n\u00fcshan\u0131n, el-\u0130lelu\u2019l-Keb\u00eer olmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n<p>Kit\u00e2bu\u2019z-Z\u00fchd, et-T\u00e2r\u00eeh, el-Esma ve\u2019l-K\u00fcn\u00e2, Kit\u00e2bun fi\u2019l-As\u00e2r\u0131\u2019l-Mevkufe gibi ba\u015fka eserleri de bilinmekte ise de bize kadar ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bunlar\u0131n, had\u00ees ilminin geli\u015fmesine hizmet etmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 ink\u00e2r edilemez.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sah\u00eeh\u2019i:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin en me\u015fhur eseri S\u00fcnen de denmi\u015f olan es-Sah\u00eeh\u2019idir. Had\u00eescilerin yer verdikleri b\u00fct\u00fcn ana bablara \u015f\u00e2mil olmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u201cc\u00e2mi\u201d vasf\u0131n\u0131 ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sah\u00eeh-i Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019deki tertip g\u00fczelli\u011fi di\u011fer kitaplar\u0131n hi\u00e7birinde yoktur. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc nazar-\u0131 dikkate alan baz\u0131 \u00e2limler, onu K\u00fct\u00fcb-i Sitte\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kitab\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir. Kitab\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Tirmiz\u00ee \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapar: \u201cBen bu kitab\u0131 y\u00e2ni el-M\u00fcsned\u00fc\u2019s-Sah\u00eeh\u2019i telif edince, Hic\u00e2z, Ir\u00e2k ve Horasan \u00e2limlerine arzettim, hepsi de onu be\u011fendi. Kimin evinde bu kitap, yani el-C\u00e2mi bulunursa, sanki evinde konu\u015fan bir peygamber vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin Sah\u00eeh\u2019i, s\u00fcnen tarz\u0131nda yan\u00ee f\u0131k\u0131h bablar\u0131 esas al\u0131narak tertip edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7erisinde, sah\u00eeh, hasen ve zay\u0131f had\u00eesler mevcuttur. Ancak her bir had\u00ees hakk\u0131nda, had\u00eesi kaydedince, s\u0131hhat durumu ve amel durumuyla ilgili bilgi verir. Zay\u0131fsa, sebebi ve zay\u0131fl\u0131k\u00a0 ve\u00e7hi nedir belirtir. Ayr\u0131ca, a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 her babta sah\u00e2be ve farkl\u0131 diyarlardaki \u00e2limlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini a\u00e7\u0131klar. Eser bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ilk defa telif edilmi\u015f, mukayeseli f\u0131k\u0131h mezhepleri tarihi mahiyetini arzeder.<\/p>\n<p>Her had\u00eesin durumunu belirtmesi, kitab\u0131ndan herkesin kolayca istifadesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131r. Bu vas\u0131f onu di\u011fer te\u2019liflerden ay\u0131ran en m\u00fcmtaz y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fk\u00eel eder.<\/p>\n<p>Kitab\u0131n\u0131n sonuna koydu\u011fu Kitabu\u2019l-\u0130lel b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc eserin di\u011fer b\u00e2riz bir hususiyetini te\u015fk\u00eel eder. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde m\u00fchim kaidelere yer verir. Di\u011fer riv\u00e2yet kitaplar\u0131nda bu ismi ta\u015f\u0131yan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcme rastlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan meselelere de rastlanmaz.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019de yer alan had\u00eeslerin m\u00e2hiyetini hakk\u0131yla tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in \u015fu noktan\u0131n da bilinmesi gerekir: Tirmiz\u00ee, eserine, \u00e2limlerden herhangi biri taraf\u0131ndan amel edilmi\u015f olan had\u00eesleri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserinin Kitabu\u2019l-\u0130lel b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, S\u00fcnen\u2019indeki had\u00eeslerin ikisi h\u00e2ri\u00e7 geri kalan hepsinin ma\u2019m\u00fblun bih oldu\u011funu y\u00e2ni \u00e2limlerden biri taraf\u0131ndan amel edildi\u011fini bizzat a\u00e7\u0131klar. Hi\u00e7bir \u00e2limce amel edilmemi\u015f olan iki had\u00eesi de belirtir: Biri, Hz. Peygamber (aleyhissal\u00e2tu vessel\u00e2m)\u2019in yolculuk h\u00e2li bile olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde -\u00fcmmete kolayl\u0131k olsun diye- \u00f6\u011fle ile ikindiyi, ak\u015famla yats\u0131y\u0131 birle\u015ftirdi\u011fine dair \u0130bnu Abbas (rad\u0131yallahu anh)\u2019tan yap\u0131lan riv\u00e2yettir. Di\u011feri de, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7mede \u0131srar eden kimseye \u00fc\u00e7 kere hadd tatb\u00eek edildikten sonra d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc seferde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini emreden riv\u00e2yettir. Bu iki had\u00eesle hi\u00e7bir \u00e2limin amel etmedi\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eu halde S\u00fcnen-i Tirmiz\u00ee, bir bak\u0131ma m\u00e2m\u00fbl\u00fcn bih (kendisiyle amel edilmi\u015f) olan had\u00eesleri cemeden bir mecmuad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7erisinde 3962 had\u00ees mevcuttur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bab Ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee, eserini tanz\u00eemde \u00f6ncelikle f\u0131kh\u00ee end\u00ee\u015fe ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019ye benzer. Bunda da, Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi terc\u00fcmeler vard\u0131r. Terecmeler\u2019de, bazan, meseleye umum\u00ee bir tarzda dikkat \u00e7eken bir ifade kullan\u0131l\u0131r: \u201cBabu m\u00e2 c\u00e2e fi\u2019s-Siv\u00e2k\u201d yani: \u201cMisvak konusunda gelen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle ilgili bab\u201d gibi. B\u00e2zan husus\u00ee bir konuda kesin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm konur: \u201cBabu m\u00e2 c\u00e2e enne\u2019l-ik\u00e2mete mesn\u00e2 mesn\u00e2\u201d yani: \u201cK\u00e2met okurken iki\u015fer kere tekrar okunaca\u011f\u0131na dair rivayetler bab\u0131\u201d gibi, bazan ba\u015fl\u0131k soru tarz\u0131ndad\u0131r: \u201cSecdeden nas\u0131l kalk\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair riv\u00e2yetler bab\u0131\u201d gibi. Tirmiz\u00ee b\u00e2zan, n\u00e2sih ve mensuh deliller i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 bab a\u00e7ar. Her mezhebin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ve delillerini ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 zikreder. Bu tarz terc\u00fcmeler Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019de yoktur. Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019de pek \u00e7oktur. \u00d6nceki b\u00e2ba yak\u0131n durumlarda sadece \u201cbabun\u201d diyerek de terc\u00fcme koydu\u011fu da olmu\u015ftur. Buna da s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bablar\u0131n Tanz\u00eemi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu meselede de Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019ye benzer, zira o da f\u0131k\u0131h yapmak, bab ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda ifade etti\u011fi ahk\u00e2m-\u0131 f\u0131kh\u00eeye\u2019yi sah\u00eeh had\u00eeslerle delillendirmek maksad\u0131yla had\u00eesleri kaydetmi\u015f, eserine bu maksada uygun bir tertip ve tanz\u00eem kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f idi. Ancak, Tirmiz\u00ee, M\u00fcslim\u2019in espirisini de g\u00f6zden uzak tutmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00e2ni, had\u00eeslerin muhtelif tar\u00eeklerini de ayn\u0131 anda g\u00f6stermeye gayret etmi\u015ftir. Ne var ki tur\u00fbk\u2019u bir arada g\u00f6sterirken M\u00fcslim\u2019in tarz\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. M\u00fcslim her tar\u00eek\u2019de mevcut en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck farklar\u0131 bile g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi halde, Tirmiz\u00ee daha ziy\u00e2de m\u00e2naya tesir edebilecek farkl\u0131l\u0131klara dikkat \u00e7eker. Senetleri \u00f6ylesine k\u0131salt\u0131r ki, \u00e7o\u011fu kere, had\u00eesin, s\u00e2dece sah\u00e2beden olan r\u00e2vilerini zikreder. Mesel\u00e2 had\u00eesi kaydettikten sonra: \u201cVe f\u00ee\u2019l-b\u00e2b an f\u00fclan, an f\u00fclan, an f\u00fclan\u2026\u201d diyerek bir\u00e7ok isim zikreder. Bu isimler, o konuda riv\u00e2yet edilen di\u011fer had\u00eeslere i\u015f\u00e2ret eder. Her isim ilgili had\u00eesi rivayet eden bir sah\u00e2b\u00eeye aittir. Dikkat \u00e7ekilen bu riv\u00e2yetler, Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin ba\u015fka bablar\u0131nda kaydedilmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi gibi, kaydedilmemi\u015f de olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Makdis\u00ee, en az\u0131ndan bir k\u0131s\u0131m bablar\u0131n tanziminde Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin takip etti\u011fi yolu \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMerh\u00fbmun t\u00e2kip etti\u011fi metodlardan biri \u015fudur: \u00d6nce, senedi sah\u00eeh olarak bir sah\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019ye -ki bu Sah\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019nin riv\u00e2yet etti\u011fi had\u00eesler di\u011fer sah\u00eeh kitaplarda tahr\u00eec edilmi\u015f olacak- ula\u015fan bir had\u00eesin if\u00e2de etti\u011fi (h\u00fck\u00fcm ve) m\u00e2n\u00e2ya uygun olarak bir b\u00e2b ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koyar. Sonra ba\u015fl\u0131ktaki bu h\u00fckm\u00fc, had\u00eesi di\u011fer kitaplarda tahr\u00eec edilmemi\u015f olan bir sah\u00e2b\u00eenin riv\u00e2yetini -ki bunu tar\u00eeki de b\u00e2b ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kastedilmi\u015f olan had\u00eesin tar\u00eekinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r- vererek bey\u00e2n eder ki bu davran\u0131\u015f h\u00fckm\u00fcn sah\u00eeh oldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde c\u00e2ridir. Sonra riv\u00e2yete \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc ekler: \u201cBu b\u00e2bta falan ve f\u00e2lan (sah\u00e2b\u00ee) den de riv\u00e2yet mevcuttur.\u201d Bu say\u0131lanlar aras\u0131nda, b\u00e2btaki h\u00fckme es\u00e2s te\u015fk\u00eel edilen riv\u00e2yeti yapan me\u015fh\u00fbr sah\u00e2b\u00ee ve di\u011ferlerinin ismi de mevcuttur. Bu metodu s\u00e2dece b\u00e2z\u0131 b\u00e2blarda t\u00e2kip eder.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan maksad, o had\u00ees, sened y\u00f6n\u00fcyle zay\u0131f olsa bile, sah\u00eeh olan bir had\u00eese h\u00fck\u00fcmde tevafuk etmekle, metnin if\u00e2de etti\u011fi ahk\u00e2m y\u00f6n\u00fcyle s\u0131hhatini g\u00f6stermek ve bu riv\u00e2yeti korumakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yeri gelmi\u015fken bir kere daha hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m ki, had\u00eesler hakk\u0131nda verilen \u201csah\u00eeh\u201d veya \u201czay\u0131f\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc nefs\u00fclemr\u2019e bakmaz, z\u00e2hire bakar. Ayn\u0131 ahk\u00e2m\u0131 ihtiva eden bir hadis, bazan bir ka\u00e7 tar\u00eekten ula\u015f\u0131r, bu tar\u00eeklerden biri esas al\u0131n\u0131nca had\u00ees \u201czay\u0131f\u201d addedildi\u011fi halde, di\u011fer biri esas al\u0131n\u0131nca \u201csah\u00eeh\u201d addedilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcm z\u00e2hire g\u00f6re verilir, nefs\u00fclemr\u2019i y\u00e2ni ger\u00e7e\u011fi Allah bilir. Tirmiz\u00ee, bu durum sebebiyle, zaaf\u0131 \u015fiddetli olan b\u00e2z\u0131 r\u00e2vilerden de riv\u00e2yet almaktan \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir: Muhammed \u0130bnu S\u00e2d el-Kelb\u00ee ve Muhammed \u0130bnu S\u00e2d el-Masl\u00fbb gibi. Bunlar\u0131n durumunu belirtmekten ba\u015fka, riv\u00e2yetlerini m\u00fbteber olan ba\u015fka tar\u00eeklerden de kaydetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ona Sah\u00eeheyn\u2019le k\u0131yaslay\u0131nca baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve hatta \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckler kazand\u0131r\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1-<\/strong> Sah\u00eeheyn\u2019de bile bulunmayan bir k\u0131s\u0131m sah\u00eeh had\u00eesleri ihtiva eder.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2-<\/strong> Yine Sah\u00eeheyn\u2019de bulunmayan \u00e7ok miktarda hasen ve zay\u0131f had\u00eesleri ihtiva eder. Bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00e2limlerin zay\u0131f had\u00eesle amel etmeyi esas ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek bunun ehemmiyetini daha iyi anlar\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3-<\/strong> Ravilerin hallerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a beyan eder. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee ve M\u00fcslim bu i\u015fi, s\u00e2dece had\u00ees ilminde ihtisas yapm\u0131\u015f, ilel\u2019i bilen kimselerin anl\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00e2m\u0131z bir i\u015faretle yaparken Tirmiz\u00ee herkesin anlayabilece\u011fi \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00fcsl\u00fbbu se\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4-<\/strong> Sah\u00eeheyn, bir babta bulunan en sah\u00eeh had\u00eesleri kaydetmek ve onlarla yetinmek gayretine d\u00fc\u015ferken, Tirmiz\u00ee ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 baba giren sah\u00eeh, hasen, zay\u0131f, s\u00e2lim, muallel had\u00eesleri de kaydetmekten \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir. Zira, ahk\u00e2m-\u0131 \u015fer\u2019iyye her zaman sah\u00eeh had\u00eesle de\u011fil, baz\u0131 kere de hasen ve hatta -tur\u00fbk\u2019un \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde- zay\u0131f had\u00eesle s\u00fcb\u00fbt bulur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5-<\/strong> Zay\u0131f had\u00eeslerin zay\u0131f oldu\u011funu bildirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in zay\u0131f\u0131n hasen veya sah\u00eeh say\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fabilecek mahzurlar \u00f6nlenmi\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6-<\/strong> Kendisiyle itibar edilebilecek had\u00eesler anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7-<\/strong> \u00c2limlerin, haklar\u0131nda cerh ve ta\u2019d\u00eel hususunda ihtilaf ettikleri \u015fah\u0131slar tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, mezheplerin, istidl\u00e2l\u2019de delilleri ve ihtilaflar\u0131 da Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019de bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Had\u00eeslerin K\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee, eserini f\u0131kh\u00ee espiriyle tanz\u00eem etti\u011fi i\u00e7in, bir had\u00eeste f\u0131kha temas etmeyen -esb\u00e2b-\u0131 v\u00fcr\u00fbd gibi- bir k\u0131s\u0131m varsa oray\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu kere atar. Maksad\u0131 kitab\u0131n hacmini art\u0131rmamakt\u0131r. Ancak, had\u00eeste yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu k\u0131saltma ve takt\u00ee\u2019e dikkat \u00e7eker ve: Ve fi\u2019l-had\u00eesi kel\u00e2m\u0131n ekseru min h\u00e2z\u00e2: \u201cBu had\u00eeste, kaydetti\u011fimizden daha uzun bir metin mevcuttur\u201d veya: \u201cve f\u0131\u2019l-had\u00eesi k\u0131ssatun tav\u00eele\u201d yani: \u201cHad\u00eesin asl\u0131nda (esbab-\u0131 v\u00fcr\u00fbdu belirten) uzunca bir hik\u00e2ye mevcuttur\u201d der.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00e2lik:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019de muallak had\u00ees pek n\u00e2dirdir. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019yi \u00e7ok miktarda t\u00e2lik yapmaya sevkeden durum \u015fartlar\u0131ndaki s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131k idi. Halbuki Tirmiz\u00ee, had\u00ees kab\u00fbl etmede geni\u015f davranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, zira, durumunu belirtti\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ok zay\u0131f r\u00e2viden bile had\u00ees almaktan \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan, M\u00fcslim gibi o da isnada ehemmiyet vermi\u015f, bu sebeple t\u00e2lik ederek metin kaydetmekten ziyade k\u0131saltarak da olsa senet kaydetmeyi \u00f6n plana alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Netice olarak bu durumlar ona t\u00e2lik yapma ihtiyac\u0131 duyurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Usul-Had\u00eesleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019yi Sah\u00eeheyn\u2019le k\u0131yaslamada m\u00fchim bir farka daha i\u015faret etmemiz gerekmektedir: Sah\u00eeheyn, muttar\u0131d bir kaide olarak bir babta mevcut olan en sah\u00eeh had\u00eesi (asl\u2019\u0131) ilk \u00f6nce zikrettikleri halde Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019de bu muttar\u0131d de\u011fildir. Baz\u0131 kereler zay\u0131f had\u00eesi \u00f6nce kaydeder, zaaf\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eker. Arkadan o bab\u0131n daha sah\u00eeh olan riv\u00e2yetini zikreder. Kitapta bunun \u00f6rne\u011fi \u00e7oktur. Nes\u00e2\u00ee ise bir babta mevcut b\u00fct\u00fcn had\u00eesleri bir arada toplarken, muttar\u0131dan -\u015fayet varsa- \u00f6nce kusurlu had\u00eesi k\u00e2ydeder. Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 tenk\u00eed vesilesi olamaz, zira, had\u00ees hakk\u0131nda derhal a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u015eerhleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin Sah\u00eeh\u2019ine muhtelif \u015ferhler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1-<\/strong> <strong>\u00c2r\u0131zatu\u2019l-Ahvaz\u00ee f\u00ee \u015eerhi\u2019t-Tirm\u00eez\u00ee<\/strong> m\u00fcellifi, M\u00e2liki ulemas\u0131ndan \u0130bnu\u2019l-Arab\u00ee el-M\u00e2lik\u00ee diye \u015f\u00f6hret bulmu\u015f olan Muhammed \u0130bnu Abdillah el-\u0130\u015fbil\u00ee\u2019dir (v. 543\/1148). Eser on \u00fc\u00e7 cilt olup 7 m\u00fccelled halinde matbudur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2-<\/strong> M\u00fcted\u00e2v\u00eel \u015ferhlerden biri de <strong>Tuhfetu\u2019l-Ahvaz\u00ee \u015eerhu C\u00e2mi\u2019i\u2019t-Tirmizi<\/strong>\u2018dir. M\u00fcellifi Muhammed Abdurrahm\u00e2n \u0130bnu Abdirrahim el-Mub\u00e2rekf\u00fbr\u00ee\u2019dir. (v. 1353\/1934). Bu \u015ferh i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan iki ciltlik Mukaddime, hem Tirmiz\u00ee hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgi sunar, hem de usul-i had\u00eesle ilgili derli-toplu bilgiler verir.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin sah\u00eehi \u00fczerine geni\u015f bir tahl\u00eeli Nureddin Itr, el-Imamu\u2019t-Tirmiz\u00ee ve\u2019l-Muvazenetu Beyne C\u00e2miihi ve Beyne\u2019s-Sah\u00eeheyn adl\u0131 eserde sunar.<\/p>\n<p>Suyut\u00ee\u2019nin, Sind\u00ee\u2019nin \u0130bnu Mulakkin\u2019in, Muhammed \u0130bnu Muhammed el-Ya\u2019mer\u00ee\u2019nin, Abdurrahman \u0130bnu Ahmed el-Hanbel\u00ee\u2019nin de muhtelif hacimlerde \u015ferhleri mevcuttur. Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019yi ihtisar edenler de olmu\u015ftur: Necmudd\u00een Muhammed \u0130bnu Ak\u00eel\u00ee el-Balis\u00ee, Necmudd\u00een S\u00fcleyman \u0130bnu Abdilkav\u00ee gibi.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin had\u00eeslerini tek bir kelimeden bulmak maksad\u0131yla S\u0131dd\u00eek\u00ee el-Beyk taraf\u0131ndan el-M\u00fcr\u015fid ila Eh\u00e2d\u00ees\u00ee S\u00fcneni\u2019t-Tirmiz\u00ee ad\u0131yla bir miftah yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Humus 1969).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak: Hadis Tarihi,\u00a0Abdulvahid Metin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tirmiz\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ebu \u0130sa Muhammed \u0130bnu \u0130s\u00e2 \u0130bni Sevre et-Tirmiz\u00ee, 200 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu ve 279 y\u0131l\u0131 Recebinin 13\u2019\u00fcnde Pazartesi gecesi Tirm\u00eez\u2019de vefat etti. H\u00e2f\u0131z \u00e2limlerden biridir. Kuteybe \u0130bnu Sa\u2019\u00eed, Muhammed \u0130bnu Be\u015f\u015f\u00e2r, Ali \u0130bnu Hucr gibi hadis imamlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Kendisinden de pek \u00e7oklar\u0131 hadis ald\u0131. Hadis ilminde \u00e7ok say\u0131da te\u2019l\u00eefat\u0131 var. es-Sahih\u2019i kitaplar\u0131n en g\u00fczeli, en \u00e7ok faydalar ta\u015f\u0131yan\u0131, tekrar\u0131 en az olan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tirmiz\u00ee (rahimehullah te\u00e2la) der ki: \u201cBu kitab\u0131 Hicaz, Irak ve Horasan ulemas\u0131na arz ettim, hepsi de be\u011fendi ve istihsan etti. Kimin evinde bu kitab varsa, sanki evinde, konu\u015fan bir peygamber vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak: Hadis Tarihi, <\/strong><strong>Abdulvahid Metin<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"post-meta\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tirmizi kimdir? hayat\u0131 ve eserleri: B\u00fcy\u00fck hadis \u00e2limlerinden.\u00a0K\u00fct\u00fcb-i Sitte\u00a0denilen me\u015fhur alt\u0131 hadis kitab\u0131ndan olan\u00a0S\u00fcnen-i Tirmiz\u00ee\u00a0ad\u0131yla me\u015fhur hadis kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130smi, Muhammed bin \u00ces\u00e2 Tirmiz\u00ee, k\u00fcnyesi Eb\u00fb \u00ces\u00e2\u2019d\u0131r. 824 (H.209) senesinde, Buh\u00e2r\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde bulunan Ceyhun Nehri\u00a0k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Tirmiz kasabas\u0131nda do\u011fdu. 893 (H.279)te Bo\u011f \u015fehrinde, Receb ay\u0131n\u0131n on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fc Pazartesi gecesi vef\u00e2t etti. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00f6zleri &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":45743,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-egitim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19940"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19940\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}