{"id":19937,"date":"2017-03-31T01:46:00","date_gmt":"2017-03-30T22:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/dergi\/?p=19937"},"modified":"2024-02-22T23:16:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T20:16:24","slug":"19937-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/19937-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Hoca Ahmet Yesevi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan<\/a>‘\u0131n Sayram \u015fehrinde do\u011fmu\u015f ve tasavvufi marifetleri Buhara muhitinde edinmi\u015f bulunan Hoca Ahmed Yesev\u00ee, tarikat kurucusu, \u015fair ve din b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n manev\u00ee hayat\u0131n\u0131 etkilemi\u015f n\u00e2dir ki\u015filerdendir. Bilhassa S\u0131r-derya \u00e7evresinde, Ta\u015fkent dolaylar\u0131nda, Seyhun \u00f6telerindeki bozk\u0131rlarda ya\u015fayan k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrklerin kendisine ve onun tasavvufi tarikat\u0131 Yesev\u00eeli\u011fe olan tutkunluklar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, tarih\u00ee \u015fahsiyeti efsaneler alt\u0131nda gizlendi, kimli\u011fi menk\u0131belere kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

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\"AhmetHayati hakk\u0131nda bilgilerimiz \u00e7ok azd\u0131r, hakk\u0131ndaki menk\u0131beler ise cildler dolduracak zenginliktedir. Kendisini bug\u00fcn bile \u015eeyh Ahmed Yesev\u00ee’ye ve Yesevili\u011fe mensup sayan halk z\u00fcmreleri Orta Asya’da mevcuttur. Tunceli \u00e7evresinde ya\u015fayan bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u015eii T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 bunlar\u0131n Anadolu’da karde\u015fleridir.<\/p>\n

Ahmed Yesevi, \u0130brahim ad\u0131nda bir \u015feyh olan babas\u0131n\u0131 yedi ya\u015f\u0131nda iken kaybetti. Ablas\u0131yle birlikte, T\u00fcrk gelene\u011finin O\u011fuz Han’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olarak g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Yesi \u015fehrine g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fcler. Burada ilk tasavvuf terbiyesini Arslan Babadan ald\u0131. Sonra Buhara’ya giderek zaman\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2lim ve mutasavv\u0131flar\u0131ndan ders g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en me\u015fhur sofisi \u015eeyh Yusuf-\u0131 Hemedani’nin m\u00fcridi olarak, onun muhabbetini kazand\u0131, Nitekim \u015feyhi \u00f6ld\u00fckten bir m\u00fcddet sonra onun postuna da ge\u00e7ti Sonra Yusuf-\u0131 Hemedani’ nin eski bir i\u015faretini hat\u0131rlayarak Yesiye d\u00f6nd\u00fc, \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar orada ya\u015fad\u0131. Tesirleri b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu. G\u00f6\u00e7ebeler gibi \u015fehir halklar\u0131n\u0131 ve okumu\u015flar\u0131 da manev\u00ee n\u00fcfuzu alt\u0131na ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Halis g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrkmen muhitinde bu ulu Yeseviye tarikat\u0131, beklenmeyecek h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131, Seyhun k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan H\u00e2rzem bozk\u0131rlar\u0131na, Asya sahralar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. Mo\u011fol istil\u00e2s\u0131 ile Horasan, \u0130ran, Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. \u0130lk fetihlerle birlikte Alp-erenler, Horasan Erenleri olarak Anadolu’ya girdi. 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/a> i\u00e7inde Anadolu’da g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flayan Bekta\u015f\u00eelik<\/a>, Baba\u00eelik, Haydar\u00eelik hep o mill\u00ee Yesev\u00eelik tarikat\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f kollard\u0131r. \u0130leride Yunus Emre<\/a>‘nin gaybdan g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f m\u00fcr\u015fidi say\u0131lacak olan Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f<\/a> ile ayn\u0131 zamanda din\u00ee destan kahraman\u0131 olan Sar\u0131 Saltuk, sonra Anadolu Ahili\u011finin, pir\u00ee-m\u00fcr\u015fidi say\u0131lan Ahi Evren, Osman Gazi’nin ermi\u015f kay\u0131nbabas\u0131 Ede-Bal\u0131, Orhangazi’nin m\u00fcr\u015fidi Geyikli Baba ve daha niceleri… Ahmed Yesev\u00ee’nin Anadolu’ya, manev\u00ee fetihler i\u00e7in yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131, menk\u0131belerle destekli ger\u00e7ekler h\u00e2linde s\u00f6ylenen m\u00fcritleri, ak\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131, halifeleridir.<\/p>\n

Mesel\u00e2 \u0130sl\u00e2mi destanlar aras\u0131nda yer alan Saltuk-name’de, Anadolu ve Rumeli’de b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkistan ve Turan’\u0131n hatta b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminin \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck ile birle\u015ftirilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Anadolu fethinin manev\u00ee tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapan Ahmet Yesevi’ nin nurlu \u00e7ehresi, bu tabloda elbet g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hoca Ahmed, inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikirleri ya\u015fayan bir m\u00fcr\u015fitti. Tanr\u0131 vb Peygambere b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u015fkla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi soy ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131n yi\u011fitlik, vefa, do\u011fruluk hasletlerini de ruhuna k\u0131lavuz edinmi\u015ftir. \u00d6mr\u00fc boyunca g\u00fcnah i\u015flememek, yalan s\u00f6ylememek, hata etmemek gayreti g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Hazret-i Muhammed’e tutkunlu\u011fu dolay\u0131s\u0131yle onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llardan fazla ya\u015famak istemedi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Peygamber, 63 ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti\u011fine g\u00f6re, o da 63 ya\u015fma gelince kendisine yer alt\u0131nda bir h\u00fccre kazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, kalan \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc, g\u00fcns\u00fcz g\u00fcne\u015fsiz, orada tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

120 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayet edilen Ahmed Yesevi’ye bug\u00fcn de T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n manev\u00ee b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na Hazret-i T\u00fcrkistan derler. Mevl\u00e2na<\/a>‘ya, Anadolu’nun b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na: Hazret-i R\u00fbm denildi\u011fi gibi. Yesevi’nin T\u00fcrkistan’daki camii \u00fczerinde \u015fu ayet yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r: “Gayb\u0131n anahtar\u0131 O’ndad\u0131r. O’ndan ba\u015fka kimse bilmez.”<\/p>\n

Ahmet Yesev\u00ee tasavvuf<\/a>un, nefsi k\u00f6rletmek, tevazu, d\u00fcnya mal\u0131n\u0131 hor g\u00f6rmek, soy ve din g\u00f6zetmeksizin b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 e\u015fit saymak gibi y\u00fcksek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini, akl\u0131 ve fiiliyle benimsemi\u015f, dervi\u015fli\u011fin, kanaatin, fazilet ve de\u011ferini, din\u00ee ahl\u00e2k\u00ee \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleri, peygamber ve evl\u00e2d\u0131na olan muhabbetini, d\u00fcnya zevklerine d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn zararlar\u0131n\u0131, Hikmetler nasihatlar h\u00e2linde, mant\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00eeman kuvvetiyle yaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Samim\u00ee inan\u00e7 ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na hayran olan halk, ona \u00e7ok ba\u011fland\u0131. D\u00fcnyada ve ahrette az\u00eez sayd\u0131. Onu erenler katma \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p \u015fan\u0131na efsaneler donatt\u0131. Anadolu ve T\u00fcrkistan evliyalar\u0131 Hoca Ahmed’i Pir sayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ld\u00fckten 200 y\u0131l sonra bile \u015f\u00f6hreti ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olmal\u0131 ki, Timur Han, onun Yesi’deki mezar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne, mimarl\u0131k \u015faheseri bir t\u00fcrbe yapt\u0131rmak l\u00fczumunu duydu. T\u00fcrbe, cami ve h\u00e2n\u0131kah’tan ibaret Yesev\u00ee makam\u0131, hem din hem sanat abidesi olarak, bug\u00fcn de T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n en kutsal ziyaret yerlerindendir.<\/p>\n

Ahmed Yesevi’ye ait oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen “Divan-\u0131 Hikmet” adl\u0131 bir eser mevcuttur. Ancak, bu divanda toplanan Hikmetlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Ahmed Yesevi’nin olsa bile, zamanla t\u00fcrl\u00fc Yesev\u00ee dervi\u015flerine ait par\u00e7alar\u0131n o kitapta topland\u0131\u011f\u0131, dil ve anlat\u0131\u015f farklar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zaten ellerdeki en eski Divan-\u0131 Hikmet yazmalar\u0131 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00f6nceye gitmemektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan onlar\u0131n 12. as\u0131rda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hikmetlerin t\u0131pk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek de zordur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zaten Ahmed Yesev\u00ee \u015fairlik iddias\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Yaln\u0131z, fikir ve duygular\u0131m halka daha iyi \u00f6\u011fretebilmek i\u00e7in manzum hikmetler tarz\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Dervi\u015fleri ve halifeleri de y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca onun izinden giderek benzer par\u00e7alar yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Divan-\u0131 Hikmet’e Yesev\u00ee tarikat\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ortak eseri g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Divan-\u0131 Hikmet’teki par\u00e7alar\u0131 dilber ve \u015farab\u0131 \u00f6\u011fen \u00f6teki \u015fiirlerden ay\u0131rdedebilmek i\u00e7in Hoca Ahmed’in bu manzumelerine Hikmet ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu kuru \u00f6\u011fretici mahiyette lirizm ve heyecandan uzak par\u00e7alard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bi\u00e7im y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Hikmetler: <\/strong><\/p>\n