{"id":1834,"date":"2014-09-24T02:42:26","date_gmt":"2014-09-23T23:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/dergi\/?p=1834"},"modified":"2024-02-22T23:17:09","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T20:17:09","slug":"cevre-kirliligi-cesitleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/cevre-kirliligi-cesitleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7EVRE K\u0130RL\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7evre kirlili\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitleri genel olarak; hava kirlili\u011fi, su kirlili\u011fi, toprak kirlili\u011fi, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7evre kirlilikleri do\u011faya zarar vererek do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak do\u011fada ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k kirlili\u011fi de \u00e7evre kirlilikleri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta, bu \u00e7evresel kirlilikler yine insanlar taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturularak insanlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer canl\u0131lar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c7evrenin kirlenmesi, ekosistemin dengelerini bozarak iklimsel de\u011fi\u015fikliklere sebep olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hava Kirlili\u011fi <\/b><\/p>\n

Atmosferde toz, duman, gaz, koku ve saf olmayan su buhar\u0131 \u015feklinde bulunabilecek kirleticilerin, insanlar ve di\u011fer canl\u0131lar ile e\u015fyaya zarar verebilecek miktarlara y\u00fckselmesi, \u201cHava Kirlili\u011fi<\/a>\u201d olarak nitelenmektedir. Havay\u0131 kirleten maddelerin s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferleri (havada zararl\u0131 olmayacak derecedeki en y\u00fcksek de\u011ferleri), her \u00fclkenin ilgili kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netmeliklerle belirlenir. Kirletici maddelerin niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re, canl\u0131lara verece\u011fi zarar \u015fekil ve dereceleri de de\u011fi\u015fir. Hava kirlili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nabilecek \u00f6nlemler, kirlilik kayna\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re (fabrika, termik santral, konutlar, ta\u015f\u0131t ara\u00e7lar\u0131) \u00e7e\u015fitlidir.<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hava kirlili\u011findeki art\u0131\u015flar canl\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyerek \u00f6zellikle insanlarda \u00e7e\u015fitli akut sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Kirleticilere uzun s\u00fcreli maruz kal\u0131nmas\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kta kronik etkilerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Hava kirlili\u011finin sa\u011fl\u0131k etkisi \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck ve bron\u015fitten, kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve akci\u011fer kanserine kadar de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Kirlili\u011fin olumsuz etkileri sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerde bile g\u00f6zlenmekle birlikte, baz\u0131 duyarl\u0131 gruplar daha kolay etkilenmekte ve daha ciddi sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Su Kirlili\u011fi<\/b><\/p>\n

Su kirlili\u011fi, istenmeyen zararl\u0131 maddelerin, suyun niteli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilecek oranda bozmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak miktar ve yo\u011funlukta suya kar\u0131\u015fma olay\u0131d\u0131r. Konutlar, end\u00fcstri kurulu\u015flar\u0131, termik santraller, g\u00fcbreler, kimyasal m\u00fccadele ila\u00e7lar\u0131, tar\u0131msal sanayi at\u0131k sular\u0131, n\u00fckleer santrallerden \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131cak sular ve toprak erozyonu gibi s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ve maddeler su kirlili\u011fini meydana getiren ba\u015fl\u0131ca kaynaklard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi do\u011frudan do\u011fruya veya dolayl\u0131 olarak canl\u0131 ve cans\u0131z varl\u0131klara zarar vermektedir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

 <\/td>\n Toprak Kirlili\u011fi:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cTopra\u011f\u0131n verim g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek, optimum toprak \u00f6zelliklerini bozacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc teknik ve ekolojik bask\u0131lar ve olaylar\u201d, toprak kirlili\u011fi veya toprak kirlenmesi olarak nitelenir.Toprak kirlenmesi, hava ve sular\u0131 kirleten maddeler taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, k\u00fck\u00fcrtdioksit oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek olan bir atmosfer tabakas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en ya\u011fmur damlac\u0131klar\u0131 asit ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/a> halinde topra\u011fa gelir. Toprak i\u00e7ine giren bu asitli sular a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6klerini, bitkisel ve hayvansal toprak canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 zarara u\u011frat\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131n reaksiyonunu etkileyerek besin maddesi dengesini bozar, taban sular\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ilmez hale getirir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6p y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan topra\u011fa s\u0131zan sular, kirli sulama sular\u0131, g\u00fcbre \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri, radyoaktif maddeler, u\u00e7ucu k\u00fcller, topra\u011f\u0131 kirleten madde ve kaynaklard\u0131r. Toprak kirlili\u011fini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli teknik, ekolojik ve hukuksal \u00f6nlemler al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Toprak kirlili\u011finin \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla; arazi ve do\u011fal kaynaklarla ilgili planlama, uygulama, de\u011ferlendirme, kontrol, izleme ve e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm mekanizmalar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmeli; tar\u0131m ve orman arazilerinin ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 engellenmeli; ormanla\u015ft\u0131rma, yeniden ormanla\u015ft\u0131rma, erozyon kontrol\u00fc ve \u00e7ay\u0131r\/mera \u0131slah\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli finansman sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Toprak kirlili\u011finin ulusal d\u00fczeyde tespiti i\u00e7in envanter \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olu\u015fturulmal\u0131, belirlenen alanlar\u0131n kay\u0131t edilmesi, izlenmesi ve iyile\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc Kirlili\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar \u00fczerinde olumsuz etki yapan ve ho\u015fa gitmeyen seslere genel olarak g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc denir. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerimizde g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc<\/a> yo\u011funluklar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek seviyede olup, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’nce belirlenen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerin \u00fczerindedir. Kent g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131ran sebeplerin ba\u015f\u0131nda trafi\u011fin yo\u011fun olmas\u0131, s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin yersiz ve zamans\u0131z klakson \u00e7almalar\u0131 ve belediye hudutlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan end\u00fcstri \u00a0b\u00f6lgelerinden \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcler gelmektedir. Meskenlerde ise televizyon ve m\u00fczik aletlerinden \u00e7\u0131kan y\u00fcksek sesler, zamans\u0131z yap\u0131lan bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131mlar ile baz\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinden kaynaklanan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcler insanlar\u0131n i\u015fitme sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve alg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemekte, fizyolojik ve psikolojik dengesini bozmakta, i\u015f verimini azaltmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Kirlili\u011fi: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n g\u00f6rme alan\u0131na girdi\u011finde insan tabiat\u0131na ho\u015f gelen, onu rahats\u0131z etmeyen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere g\u00fczel; insan\u0131 rahats\u0131z eden, bir \u015fekilde olumsuz etkileyen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere de \u00e7irkin denilebilir. Bu tan\u0131ma uygun olarak \u00a0insanlar\u0131n do\u011fal \u00e7evrede yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu olumsuz de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fileri \u00a0rahats\u0131z edici hale getirilmesine “g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi” denilmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sanayile\u015fmenin, n\u00fcfusun ve \u00e7arp\u0131k kentle\u015fmenin h\u0131zla artmas\u0131 insanlar\u0131 etkileyen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirliliklerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Sanayile\u015fme beraberinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi ve \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fini getirmektedir. Geli\u015fi g\u00fczel kurulmu\u015f ve \u00e7evresel olarak hi\u00e7 bir \u00f6nlem almam\u0131\u015f sanayiler ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7evrede ya\u015fayan ve o \u00e7evrede zorunlu olarak bulunmak zorunda kalan insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. N\u00fcfusun h\u0131zla artmas\u0131 ile birlikte plans\u0131z kentle\u015fme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da artmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I\u015f\u0131k Kirlili\u011fi:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, a\u00e7\u0131k alanlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131larla ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131, park ve bah\u00e7elerin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 ve n\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne yay\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131 her an artmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7evre kirliliklerinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u0131\u015f\u0131k kirlili\u011finin \u00e7evreye zarar verdi\u011fi ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ola\u011fan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bozmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f yanl\u0131\u015f ayd\u0131nlatma kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n atmosferde bulunan toz taneciklerine ve molek\u00fcllere \u00e7arparak g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fal fonunu bozarak parlak bir hale getirdi\u011fi, geceleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bozdu\u011fu, g\u00fcvenlik ve konforu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve ayr\u0131ca ekosistem ve hayvanlara zarar verdi\u011fi ve enerji israf\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu yads\u0131nanamaz ger\u00e7eklerdir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00c7evre kirlili\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitleri genel olarak; hava kirlili\u011fi, su kirlili\u011fi, toprak kirlili\u011fi, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7evre kirlilikleri do\u011faya zarar vererek do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak do\u011fada ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k kirlili\u011fi de \u00e7evre kirlilikleri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta, bu \u00e7evresel kirlilikler yine insanlar taraf\u0131ndan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":48521,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-cevre"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1834"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1834\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}