Irak sahip oldu\u011fu zengin petrol yataklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 XIX. Y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerin ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. B\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin a\u00e7\u0131k rekabet alan\u0131 haline gelen b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131 alt\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeye arkeolog ve do\u011fa bilimci ajanlar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak amac\u0131yla izin almak i\u00e7in Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019e geldiklerinde koca Sultan \u015f\u00f6yle der:\u201cBir \u015fartla izin veririm; zira sizler nazik insanlars\u0131n\u0131z hamall\u0131k i\u015flerini bize verin.\u201d Tamam derler, gerekli izinleri ve bizim hamallar\u0131 al\u0131r giderler. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in hamal diye verdi\u011fi insanlar Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n ajanlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ngilizlerin neler yap\u0131p etti\u011fini s\u00fcrekli rapor ederler\u2026<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere gerek petrol yataklar\u0131n\u0131n zenginli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, gerekse stratejik bak\u0131mdan ve Hindistan ticaret yolunun g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ve \u00f6zellikle Irak ile Basra K\u00f6rfezi b\u00f6lgesinde Araplar\u0131 kendi taraf\u0131na \u00e7ekmeye, n\u00fcfuzunu art\u0131rmaya ve onlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya y\u00f6nelik bir siyaset izlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bundan dolay\u0131 \u0130ngiltere daha Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sava\u015fa girmedi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde Irak b\u00f6lgesini i\u015fgal ederek zengin yer alt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131na sahip olmak ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini a\u011flamak amac\u0131yla Basra b\u00f6lgesine askeri y\u0131\u011f\u0131nak yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ngiliz General Barrow ise as\u0131l ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n: \u201cHer ne kadar petrol yataklar\u0131 ve tesislerinin korunmas\u0131 olsa da esas amac\u0131n T\u00fcrkler ile Araplar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.\u201d oldu\u011funu kaydetmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek isteyen \u0130ngilizler, 22 Kas\u0131m 1915\u2019te harekete ge\u00e7tiler. Selman-\u0131 Pak Muharebelerinde Osmanl\u0131 savunmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamayan \u0130ngilizler a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar vermi\u015flerdi. Halil Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ngilizlerin zor durumda oldu\u011funu fark etmesiyle ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrk taarruzu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalan \u0130ngilizler bir haftada 150 kilometre \u00e7ekilerek K\u00fbt kalesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk birliklerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015eeyh Said mevkiine gelerek Townshend\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 birliklerin di\u011fer \u0130ngiliz birlikleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kesti. B\u00f6ylece 5 Aral\u0131k 1915\u2019ten itibaren K\u00fbt ku\u015fatmas\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
General Towshend\u2019in buradan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zor oldu\u011funu g\u00f6ren \u0130ngiliz Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Irak Cephesi sevk ve idaresini Hindistan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden alarak bizzat \u00fcstlendi. Irak Ordular\u0131 Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na atanan General Aylmer, K\u00fbt Kalesi\u2019ne s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan Townshend\u2019i kurtarmak i\u00e7in Aral\u0131k 1915\u2019ten itibaren faaliyete ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00fbt\u2019ul-Am\u00e2re\u2019deki \u0130ngiliz kuvvetlerini kurtarmak i\u00e7in gelen General Aylmer komutas\u0131ndaki yard\u0131m kuvvetleri haftalarca u\u011fra\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz General Aylmer, \u0130ngiltere Harbiye Nezareti\u2019ne g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgrafta General Townshend\u2019in kararg\u00e2h\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fcmidinin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiriyordu. \u0130ngiliz ordusu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015fif u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131yla durumun vahametini anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Dicle\u2019deki \u00fcslerinden kalkan deniz u\u00e7aklar\u0131 ile tarihte bilinen ilk havadan ikmal denemesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek u\u00e7aklarla K\u00fbt\u2019a un \u00e7uval\u0131 atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Un \u00e7uvallar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu T\u00fcrk kararg\u00e2h \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Irak Cephesi\u2019nde \u0130ngilizlerin ke\u015fif ve malzeme sevkiyat\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7aklardan 4 tanesi T\u00fcrk ordusu taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
K\u00fbt Kalesi\u2019ne karadan ve havadan yard\u0131m ula\u015ft\u0131rma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulamayan \u0130ngilizler son \u00e7are olarak nehirden yard\u0131m g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilme yoluna ba\u015fvuracakt\u0131. \u00c7evredeki \u0130ngiliz yard\u0131m birlikleri K\u00fbt\u2019da mahsur kalan askerler i\u00e7in 13 Nisan\u2019da erzak y\u00fcklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Gemiye 270 ton civar\u0131nda erzak y\u00fcklendi. Dicle nehrine sa\u011fl\u0131 ve sollu konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olan T\u00fcrk birliklerinin top\u00e7u at\u0131\u015flar\u0131na, makineli ve piyade ate\u015fine maruz kalmamak i\u00e7in demir levhalarla kaplanan Julnar\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00fc\u00e7 adet makineli t\u00fcfek de yerle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n
Gemiye be\u015f bin civar\u0131nda askere iki ay yetecek kadar erzak y\u00fcklenmi\u015fti. 270 ton erzak i\u00e7inde i\u00e7ki, peynir, un, \u015feker, \u00e7ikolata, re\u00e7el, peksimet, tavuk, et konserveleri, patates gibi temel g\u0131da maddeleri vard\u0131. Abidin Efendi Harp G\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinde, nakliye kollar\u0131n\u0131n esir al\u0131nan gemiyi iki g\u00fcnde zor bo\u015faltt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyordu.<\/p>\n
K\u00fbt b\u00f6lgesine yard\u0131m g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek olan Julnar, 24 Nisan\u2019da Fel\u00e2hiye\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Sandal kadar sessiz yol al\u0131yordu. 13. Kolordu k\u0131talar\u0131ndan suya inen baz\u0131 erler taraf\u0131ndan nehirdeki suyun kayna\u015fmas\u0131ndan fark\u0131na var\u0131l\u0131yor ve k\u0131ta komutanlar\u0131 haberdar ediliyordu.<\/p>\n
Geceler boyunca teyakkuzda bekleyen 13. Ve 18. Kolordu birlikleri gemiyi fark edince hemen ate\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ate\u015f neticesinde un torbalar\u0131, peynir tenekeleri havada u\u00e7u\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Gemi s\u00fcvarileri hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Kaptans\u0131z kalan gemi Makasis kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda karaya oturdu.<\/p>\n
13. Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Ali \u0130hsan Bey, Julnar\u2019a ate\u015f edilmesi emrini veren komutand\u0131. Soyad\u0131 Kanunu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra Ali \u0130hsan Bey,Sabis b\u00f6lgesindeki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Sabis soyad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
General Townshend, yard\u0131m gemisi Julnar\u2019\u0131n Fel\u00e2hiye\u2019den yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 telgrafla haber alm\u0131\u015f, Albay Peer ile kararg\u00e2h binas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f gemiyi bekliyorlard\u0131. 25 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130ngiliz Hava Kuvvetlerine ait bir u\u00e7ak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015fif u\u00e7u\u015funda Julnar\u2019\u0131n karaya oturmu\u015f bir vaziyette oldu\u011funu ve T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu rapor etti. 6. Ordu Komutan\u0131 Halil Pa\u015fa, 25 Nisan\u2019da yaverleriyle birlikte gelerek gemide incelemelerde bulunmu\u015ftu. Bu tarihten sonra bu gemiye \u201cKendi Gelen\u201d ismi verilmi\u015fti. Erza\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 6. Ordu askerlerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 askerleri emsalsiz bir insanl\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fi sergileyerek aylard\u0131r a\u00e7l\u0131k, susuzluk ve iklim \u015fartlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 peri\u015fan haldeki \u0130ngiliz ve Hint askerlerine be\u015f g\u00fcn \u00f6nce ele ge\u00e7irdikleri Julnar gemisinden kalan erzaklardan ikram ederek Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. \u0130ngiliz kuvvetleri 29 Nisan 1916 g\u00fcn\u00fc, bundan tam y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya teslim oluyordu. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 cepheler i\u00e7erisinde bir seferde en \u00e7ok \u0130tilaf askerini esir ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 cephe Irak Cephesi olmu\u015ftur. Townshend ile Halil Pa\u015fa teslim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u0130ngiltere geri kalan 13 bin askerinin esir al\u0131nmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gizli tutulmak kayd\u0131yla 1 milyon sterlin vermeyi teklif etmi\u015f; teklifin arz edildi\u011fi Enver Pa\u015fa bunun kesinlikle kabul edilmeyece\u011fini bildirdi. Daha sonra \u00fcnl\u00fc casus Lawrencence devreye girer r\u00fc\u015fvet miktar\u0131n\u0131 2 milyon puanda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r, ancak bu teklif de reddedilir. Townshend askerleriyle birlikte teslim al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Toplamda; 13 General, 481 subay, 13300 \u0130ngiliz askeri esir al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Unutturulmak istenen K\u00fbt\u2019\u00fcl Am\u00e2re Zaferi y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden g\u00fcndeme geldi. \u00d6nce milletinin diniyle, sonra k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle, sonra da tarihi ile kavgay\u0131 bitiren devlet devlet- millet b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamada \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015f oldu. Unutulan ve unutturulan nice tarihi olay ve kahramanlar yeniden hat\u0131rlanacakt\u0131r. K\u00fbt\u2019\u00fcl Am\u00e2re Zaferi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 oldu. S\u0131rada Medine M\u00fcdafaas\u0131, Gazze Savunmas\u0131 ve \u00d6zdemir Bey\u2019in Musul harek\u00e2t\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri var. \u00d6mr\u00fc olan g\u00f6recektir ve bunlar da m\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f diyece\u011fimiz ve hayrete d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fimiz g\u00fcnler de gelecektir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcmmetimizin K\u00fbt\u2019\u00fcl Am\u00e2re Zaferi\u2019ni tebrik ediyoruz. \u015eehitlerimizi rahmet ve minnetle an\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer Naci Y\u0131lmaz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Irak sahip oldu\u011fu zengin petrol yataklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 XIX. Y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerin ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. B\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin a\u00e7\u0131k rekabet alan\u0131 haline gelen b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131 alt\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeye arkeolog ve do\u011fa bilimci ajanlar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak amac\u0131yla izin almak i\u00e7in Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019e geldiklerinde koca Sultan \u015f\u00f6yle der:\u201cBir \u015fartla izin veririm; zira sizler …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":48521,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,38,54,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-genel","category-guncel","category-omer","category-yazarlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12205"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12205\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akincilardergisi.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}